NCE3

bluecabin

L27-05  begin  11’44”
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  It is very difficult to estimate the true value of the services people perform for us vecause _____ .
a. people’s needs vary so much according to their circumstances.
b. we refuse to admit that surgeons perform a very necessary service
c. we seldom should give everything we possess for such services
d. such services are paid for in the same way as material goods

2  in choosing to lead the life he leads, the tramp has decided _____ .
a. he will never need to ask people for anything
b. to sleep in the open in order to be closer to the world of nature
c. he would rather lead the life of a criminal than do any work
d. his freedom more than compensates for the inconveniences of such a life
流浪汉的自由足以弥补他生活中的不便。

3  In moments of truth we feel envious of a tramp’s way of life because _____ .
a. we feel that our way of life is undignifiged compared to a tramp’s
b. his life is not burdened with the anxieties we are often troubled by
c. of the freedom he has from the struggle to keep alive
d. we realize that it is better than having to beg for a livelihood
in memones of truth = truly
背熟此结构
“ A tramp is free from the thousands of axieties which afflict other people.”

Structure
4  Yet we might grudge _____ a surgeon for offering...(l.
a. a high fee we had paid    b. the high fee we would pay
c. the high fee paying       d. to pay a high fee
the high fee we would pay a surgeon for offering

5  They _____ require anything from others.(ll.12-13)
a. do not have to sell anything or    b. have nothing to sell nor do they
c. have to sell nothing nor they      d. have not sold anything and do not
对于二者的否定
Neither...nor...
nothign... nor...
nor...位于句首，倒装
a. They do not hsve to sell anything: 他们不必出售什么

6  With so few material possessions, he _____ to move from... (ll.16-=17)
a. may be able    b. is able    c. can    d. is possible

7  We often speak contemptuously _____ tramps and ... (ll.19-20)
a. for     b. on     c. to     d. of
speak of:   谈及
speak for:  为…辩护
speak on:   就…发言
speak to:   与…谈话

8  But _____ of us can honestly say... (l.20)
a. who    b. which ones     c. how many     d. what one

Vocabluary
9  A surgeon is a man who _____ .(l.
a. saves people’s lives    b. gives people financial advice
c. performs operations    d. insures people’s lives against sickness or death

10  ---- make it possible for him to move _____ with ease. (ll.16-17)
a. here nad there    b. one way or another    c. from square to square    d. in every sense
from place to place:四处，到处（= here and there）
one way or another:表示某种方法或途径
in every sense:名副其实，在各种意义上来说
He is a thief in every sense.他是一个不折不扣的骗子。

11  He may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to _____ ... (l.18)
a. make a living    b. survive    c. be living    d. be alive
to survive = keep himself alive
make a living 谋生

12  We often _____ tramps and put them down as beggars. (ll.20-21)
a. convict    b. blame    c. look down on    d. condemn
look down on = look down upon: 瞧不起
convict 宣判某人有罪(常与of 连用)
blame  责备（常与for连用）
condemn to vt. 判刑

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A   2. D   3. B   4. B   5. B   6. B   7. D   8. C   9. C   10. A   11. B   12. C

L27-05  6’09”      [ Lesson 27  49:35 ]


（L27-05_28-01  5’32”）      [ Lesson 28  48:31 ]
§ Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑太贵
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●wares         n. 货物，商品
●anchor         v. 停航下锚
●deck         n. 甲板
●silverware         n.银器
●tempt         v. 吸引，引诱
●bargain         v. 讨价还价
●disembark         v. 下船上岸
●assail         v. 纠缠
●marble         n. 小玻璃球
●inscribe         v. 刻写，雕
●favour         n. 好处，优惠
●gesticulate         v. （讲话时）打手势
●outrageous         adj. 出人预料的；令人不悦的
●thrust         v. 硬塞给

■wares n. 货物，商品
wares:      货郎随身携带的货物
  复合词、表示“器皿、器具”
silverware, ironware, glassware, software,hardware, chinaware
goods:      商店里出售的商品
commodity: （正式，总称）商品
commodity price / economy / market / exchange

■anchor v. 停航下锚
■deck n. 甲板
■silverware n.银器
■tempt v. 吸引，引诱
vt.  tempt sb. to do sth. 吸引某人做某事
temptation n. 引诱
the temptation to do sth.
tempting adj. 有吸引力的

■bargain v. 讨价还价
vi. amp; n.
a good bargain 好交易
make a bargain 达成协议，做成交易
drive a hard bargain with sb 和某人费力的讨价还价
bargain with sb for sth  和某人就……讨价还价
bargain away : 讨价出售，论价出售

L27-05_28-01  end  11’44”

L28-02  begin  11’17”
■disembark v. 下船上岸
=debark下船上岸
embark 上船

■assail v. 纠缠
vt.
He was assailed with worries.
afflict:困扰

■marble n. 小玻璃球
■inscribe v. 刻写，雕
■favour n. 好处，优惠
in favour of     赞成，支持，有利于
in one\'s favour   受某人欢迎，得到欢心
out of favour    不利，失宠
The situation both at home and aborad is in our favour.无论是国内外的形势均对我们有利。
by favour of: 烦请面交
do sb. a favour:给某人以恩惠
Eg.: Can you do me a favour to dance with me？ 能赏光跳支舞吗？
favourite: 受到优惠的，优待的
favourable:赞成的，称赞的

■gesticulate v. （讲话时）打手势
■outrageous adj. 出人预料的；令人不悦的
He played outrageous joke.
outrage n. 暴行
rage 盛怒，发怒
fly into a rage 勃然大怒

■thrust v. 硬塞给
thrust sth. into 塞进
thrust aside 推开
thrust oneself forward 向前挤
thrust oneself in 探听，干涉==thrust one’s nose into
Don’t thrust yourself in privacy.
thrust sth. upon sb. 强加于人
Don’t thrust your idea upon me.
thrust sb. out 解雇

【Text】
§ Lesson 28  Five pounds too dear 五镑太贵
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Why was even five pounds ‘too dear’?

Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour. Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. It was difficult not to be tempted. Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.
I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring. I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds. Some of them were as big as marbles. The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real. As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass. It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.
The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches. I examined one of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine. At the base of the gold cap, the words \'made in the U.S.A.\' had been neatly inscribed. The man said that the pen was worth ￡50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for ￡30. I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay ￡5. Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to ￡10. Shrug-
ging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands. Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the ￡5 I gave him. I felt espe-
cially pleased with my wonderful bargain----until I got back to the ship. No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word!

参考译文
当一艘大型班船进港的时候，许多小船载着各种杂货快速向客轮驶来。大船还未下锚。小船上的人就纷纷爬上客轮。一会儿工夫，甲板上就摆满了色彩斑斓的波斯地毯。印度丝绸。铜咖啡壶以及手工制作的漂亮的银器。要想不为这些东西所动心是很困难的。船上许多游客开始同商贩讨价还价起来，但我打定主意上岸之前什么也不买。
我刚下船，就被一个人截住，他向我兜售一枚钻石戒指。我根本不想买，但我不能掩饰这样一个事实：其钻石之大给我留下了深刻的印象。有的钻石像玻璃球那么大。那人竭力想证明那钻石是真货。我们路过一家商店时，他将一颗钻石使劲地往橱窗上一按，在玻璃上留下一道深痕。我花了半个多小时才摆脱了他的纠缠。
向我兜售的第二个人是卖名贵钢笔和手表的。我仔细察看了一枝钢笔，那看上去确实不假，金笔帽下方整齐地刻有“美国制造”字样。那人说那支笔值50英镑，作为特别优惠，他愿意让我出30英镑成交。我摇摇头，伸出5根手指表示我只愿出5镑钱。那人激动地打着手势，仿佛我的出价使他不能容忍。但他终于把价钱降到了10英镑。我耸耸肩膀掉头走开了。一会儿，他突然从后追了上来，把笔塞到我手里。虽然他绝望地举起双手，但他毫不迟疑地收下了我付给他的5镑钱。在回到船上之前，我一直为我的绝妙的讨价还价而洋洋得意。然而不管我如何摆弄，那枝漂亮的钢笔就是吸不进墨水来。直到今天，那枝笔连一个字也没写过！

【课文讲解】
five pounds too dear
dear ==expensive, costly

Small boats sped to the great liner----主干
loaded with----过去分词作定语，“装载，运载” （= filled with ）

speed :迅速驶向
speed down hill 向山下疾驶
speed up        向山上疾驶
speed by        迅速驶过
Our holiday speed by.

anchor:停航下锚

the men from the boats 小船上的人们
be covered with 堆满了

重点句型：It was difficult not to tempted.(双重否定)
It was difficult not to tempted by the beautiful shoes.

L28-02  end  11’17”

L28-03  begin  11’30”

bargain with 与......讨价还价

on board----介词短语，修饰the tourists

not ... until
Eg.: I decided not to do anything until I had got home.
    They didn’t reach the school until they had already pass to by two villages.
背熟：I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.
had no sooner ... than句型 （ no sooner 位于句首，要倒装）

表示“一…就…”的句型有：as soon as, the moment that, on doing, had no sooner than, had hardly when

have no intention of doing sth 不打算做某事
Eg.: I have no intention of changing my mind.
He said that he had no intension of looking for another job.

the fact that----同位语从句，不能更改为which

I can not conceal the fact that... 我不能隐藏这一事实

impress: 给......极深的印象
be most impressed by  某人被留下了极深的印象
What impressed me most was 给我印象最深的是
Eg.: What impressed me most was beauty here.
create / give a bad impression on sb. 给......以不良印象
Eg.:If the shop is untidy, it creates a bad impression on potential of customers.
    If you don’t work hard, it will create a bad impression on your boss
make a quite impression on sb. 给某人留下极深的印象
Eg.: Your speech made a quite impression on me.
impression n. 印痕
Eg.: He made a deep impression in glass.

记住：but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.

as...as  象......一样

go to great(considerable, any) lengths 竭尽全力，不惜一切代价

L28-03  end  11’30”

L28-04  begin  12’09”

Eg.: He went to great lenghts to pass the examination.

real:     真的，不是捏造出来的，非人工制造的（= genuine）
true:     与事实或现实符合 ( ≠false )
genuine:  不是伪造的，非人工制造的（常用来修饰金银、字画、古董 ≠fake）
real reason, real fears, real / genuine money, real / genuine diamond

past ==by 走过

It take sb. sometime to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事
get rid of 摆脱，除去；治好=cure

He can never get rid of his debts. （~ debt ==pay off:还清）
stain ==wash off洗净
The next man to approach me:第二个向我兜售的人，靠近我的人
at the base of 在……的底部
as a special favour 作为一种特殊的优惠
for 出价钱

hold up five fingers indicating that...
indicating:分词作状语，“意思是说......”
Eg.: I held up ten fingers indicating that I was willing to pay $10.

Gesticulating: 现在分词作伴随情况状语

act as if (行为、举止)好像
as if ==as though

outrageous: 感到出乎意料的，令人不能容忍的
eventually ==at last

shrugging----现在分词作伴随状况状语
readily ==willingly 心甘情愿地
be pleased with= be satisfied with 对……感到满意
No matter how ==however
fill with
to this day==up till now, until now, so far 到目前为止

课文虽然简单，但务必要牢记几种句子结构在心中。
L28-04  end  12’09”

L28-05  begin  14’54”

【Multiple choice questions】 P136
Comprehension
1  At what point did the tradensmen start trying to sell their merchandise?
a. Once it had ben brought to them by the small boats.
b. While they were laying it out on the decks.
c. As soon as theliner had anchored in the harbour.
d. Once the tourists had arrived on board.
merchandise: 商品
lay out 摆设

2  What happened once the writer got on shore?
a. A man who had followed him off the ship tried to sell him a diamond.
b. He was made to look at some diamonds against his will.
c. A man started pestering him to buy a diamond.
d. On his way to a shop, he met a man who was selling diamonds.
pester: 纠缠（=assail）
afflict: 折磨

3  What made the writer finally buy the pen?
a. He had been unable to make the man understand he did not want it.
b. The man eventually agreed to his original offer.
c. He decided it was the only way to get rid of the man.
d. He was afraid the man might otherwise become violent.

Structure
4  But I decided to disembark _____ anything. (ll.7-8)
a. before I would buy    b. until I was buying    c. until I had bought    d. before buying
not ...until
before

5  I was assailed by a man who wanted _____ a diamond ring.(l.9)
a. that I bought    b. for me to buy    c. me to buy    d. my buying

6  ---- of buying one, but the man _____ that I was impressed … (l.10)
a. must have noticed    b. had to notice    c. must notice    d. could notice

7  The man said that although the pen was worth ￡50, as a special favour, _____ for ￡30. (ll.16-17)
a. he would let it to me        b. he could have let me have it
c. it would have been mine     d. he might give me
a改为he would let me have it

Vocabulary
8  It was difficult to _____ temptation. (ll.5-6)
a. avoid    b. fight    c. resist    d. stand
resist temptation 抗拒

9  _____ I was approached by a man who was selling… (l.14)
a. The later    b. On the next time    c. Afterwards    d. After
after 多用于具体的时间名词之后 two days after
afterwards常常单独使用    soon afterwards  shortly afterwards
the later 表示后者

10  ---- and held up five fingers indicating I _____ to pay five pounds. (l.17)
a. wished    b. was ready to    c. intended    d. expected
intend to do 有意图、有打算，但不表示心甘情愿
11  The man acted as if he found my offer _____ … (l.18)
a. irritating    b. preposterous    c. hilarious    d. unspeakable
irritating: 令人烦恼的
preposterous: 荒谬的
hilarious:充满欢声笑语的
unspeakable ==terrible

12  _____ hard I tried, it was impossible to fill the pen. (ll.21-22)
a. However    b. Whatever    c. Whichever    d. So ever
原文：no matter how

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B   2. C   3. B   4. D   5. C   6. A   7. D   8. C   9. C   10. B   11. B   12. A
L28-05  8’06”     [ Lesson 28  48:31 ]

（L28-05_29-01  6’43”）       [ Lesson 29  43:16 ]
§ Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●largely          adv. 在很大程度上
●comic         adj. 喜剧的，可笑的
●universal         adj. 普遍的
●comedian         n. 滑稽演员，喜剧演员
●distasteful         adj. 讨厌的
●pester         v. 一再要求，纠缠
●dread         v. 惧怕
●recovery         n. 康复
●plaster         n. 熟石膏
●console         v. 安慰，慰问
●hobble         v. 瘸着腿走
●compensate         v. 补偿
●mumble         v. 喃喃而语

■largely  adv. 在很大程度上
Eg.: He success was largely due to luck.

■comic adj. 喜剧的，可笑的
■universal adj. 普遍的
universal agent 全权代理人
universal time 世界时
universal joint 万向接头
universality n. 普遍性
universally adv.
Eg.: It universally acknowledged that English is getting more and more important.
universe 宇宙

■comedian n. 滑稽演员，喜剧演员
comedy 喜剧
tragedy 悲剧
tragic 悲剧的
comic 喜剧的

■distasteful adj. 讨厌的
Eg.: The idea is distasteful to me.
distastefully adv.

■pester v. 一再要求，纠缠
==assail (l28)
pester sb. to do
pester sb. with
Eg.: He contunually pesters his boss with demands.
pester sb. for sth.

■dread v. 惧怕
后面可以跟名词、动名词、不定式搭配连用
Eg.: We were dreading his arrival.我们正担心他来呢。
I dread to think what will happened if she find out.
He dread having to meet his parents.
dreadful adj.
dreaded
in dread of
fear 一般的恐惧
horrify 使恐怖，使极度恐惧

■recovery n. 康复
■plaster n. 熟石膏
■console v. 安慰，慰问
Eg.: He is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child.

■hobble v. 瘸着腿走
■compensate v. 补偿
■mumble v. 喃喃而语

L28-04_29-01  end  14’54”

L29-02  begin  14’53”

【Text】
§ Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What is the basis of ‘sick’ humour?

Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin\'s early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion. It is called\' sick humour \'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful. The following example of \'sick humour\' will enable you to judge for yourself.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctor did his best, the patient\'s recovery was slow. On Christmas day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year\'s Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleas-
ant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling some-
thing about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.

参考译文
我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑，很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。譬如，法国人听完一则俄国笑话可能很难发笑。同样的道理，一则可以令英国人笑出泪来的笑话，俄国人听了可能觉得没有什么可笑之处。
大部分令人发笑的故事都是根据喜剧情节编写的。尽管民族不同，有些滑稽的情节却能产生普遍的效果。比如说，不管你生活在哪里，你看查理.卓别林的早期电影很难不发笑。然而，近来一种新式幽默流行了起来，这种幽默主要来自美国。它被叫作“病态幽默”。喜剧演员根据悲剧情节诸如暴死，重大事故等来编造笑话。许多人认为这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是个“病态幽默”的实例，你可据此自己作出判断。
圣诞节前几周，某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那一刻时，他就缠住医生，让医生告诉他什么时候能回家。他十分害怕在医院过圣诞。尽管医生竭力医治，但病人恢复缓慢。圣诞节那天，他的右腿还上着石膏，他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天，想着他错过的种种欢乐。然而，第二天，医生安慰他说，出院欢度新年的可能性还是很大的，那人听后振作了精神。果然，除夕时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了补偿住院这一段不愉快的经历，那人喝得稍许多了一点。在晚会上他尽情娱乐，一再告诉大家他是多么讨厌医院。晚会结束时，他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院的事，突然踩到一块冰上滑倒了，摔断了左腿。

【课文讲解】

I found it difficult to finish the work in a day.
第1句话是文章的topic

be based on:以……作为基础
It was difficult not to be tempted
Stem from, come from, arise from, originate from
His feeling of hate stems from envy
Her interest in flowers stemed from her childhood in the country
come into fashion 开始流行
come into being  开始形成
come into power 开始执政

Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.
Some funny stories are based on tragic situations.

A man whose right leg had been broken...

From the moment he arrived at party, he enjoyed himself very much.

keep doing sth. 不间断的，不停的做某事
keep on doing sth. 反复、重复干某事(中间可以有短暂的暂停) (keep: vi.)
Don’t keep on asking silly questions.
He kept smoking all the while.
He kept on smoking all the while.
keep +宾语+动词ing形式，keep on 不能用于该句型
He kept me waiting for an hour.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.

dread to do ==dread doing

a miserable day: a terrible day

think of 想到，想起，想着
When I saw you I thought of my sister.
think of doing sth.
He is thinking of setting up a school.

spend time doing sth.

by 通过某种方式手段
dread to do = dread doing
a miserable day: a terrible day
think of:想到，想起，想着
When I saw you I thought of my sister.
think of doing sth.
He is thinking of setting up a school.
spend time doing sth.
by:通过某种方式手段
I arrived here by train.
在表达可能性这个语句的时候，经常采用复数形式
chances of
My chances of passing the examination are good.
It is quite possible for me to pass the examination.

L29-02  end  14’54”

L29-03  begin  14’16”

His chances of being dismissed are good.
记熟：his chances of doing sth. are good. / remote  做……可能性极大/极小
remote
His chances of arriving here by bicycle are remote.
slight
He took heart when he got the good news.
lose heart :失去信心，失去勇气

The cake is more than I can eat.
mecessary, gook, possible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, report, require, think

He eats more than is good for him.
as
He arrived as I expected. / He arrived as was expected.
He eats just as much as is good for him.
He eats more than is good for him.
The man drank just as much was good for him.
She is quite fat. ==She isn’t right fat.

Yesterday I went swimming. In the process, I had a very good time.

I was lookingfor yourhouse and got lostin the process.
keep telling ==keep on telling

how much ----to what extent
How much can I trust him?

when: at that moment

L29-03  end  14’16”

L29-04  begin

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  Whether you find ‘sick humour’ funny or not will depend on _____ .
a. your having been brought up in America
b. the joke being related to a fundamentally comic situation
c. your ability to see the funny side of an unpleasant event
d. your ability to laugh until you cry
the funny side of…

2  The man spent Christmas Day feeling miserable because _____ .
a. the doctor had failed to attend to him
b. he was not able to be with his friends.
c. being unable to walk, he did not enjoy the celebrations at the hospital
d. he thought he might also miss the New Year’s Eve celebrations
He spent a miseable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.

3  The point of the joke taken to illustrate ‘sick humour’ is that _____ .
a. no sooner was the man out of hospital than he had to go back in again
b. the man should not have said how much he hated hospitals
c. the man would be unable to walk for the rest of his life
d. the man had not got a leg to stand on
taken to illustrate…过去分词

Structure
4  _____ , for instance, might find it hard to … (ll.3-4)
a. The French    b. A French    c. A man in Frnace    d. If you were French
缺少主语
任意一个法国人 a french man
a man in France 法国有那么一个人

5 _____ amusing stories are based on comic situations. (l.7)
a. Most    b. Most of    c. The majority    d. Mostly
most of the (art.) +n.
most of the students
the majority of …大多数

6  A man _____ broken was taken to hospital … (l.13)
a. whose right leg had been    b. who had the right leg
c. with one right leg            d. to whom the right leg had been
who 引导定语从句
a man who had broken his…

7  He had no sooner arrived there _____ pestering his doctor … (ll.13-14)
a. and then he began    b. than he gegan    c. he began    d. to begin
no sooner than

8  The man compensated for his unpleasant exeriences in hospital _____ a little more than … (ll.19-20)
a. drinking    b. to drink    c. by drinking    d. and drunk
by drinking
by 表示通过某种手段

Vocabulary
9  Though the doctor _____ … (l.15)
a. worked very well    b. could not have been better   c. was extremely skilled    d. did all he could
try one’s best / doone’s best  竭尽全力

10  The doctor him by _____ … (l.17)
a. felt    b. advised    c. pleased    d. comforted
comfort:安慰

11 ----and kept telling everyone _____ hehated hospitals. (l.21)
a. at great lengths that    b. to their cost    c. to what extent    d. why
how much…多么（痛恨）
to what extent = how much
at geat lengths = in great detail 详细的
to one’s cost 通过痛苦的体验
Eg.: Wasp’s stings are serious as I know to my cost.

12  He was still mumbling something _____ at the end … (ll.21-22)
a. in the same way    b. to the same effect    c. of comon sense   d. of some sort
in the same way 强调使用相同的方式

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C   2. B   3. A   4. A   5. A   6. A   7. B   8. C   9. D   10. D   11. C   12. B
L29-04  7’27”     [ Lesson 29  43:16 ]

（L29-04_30-01  2’20”）      [ Lesson 30  39:13 ]
§ Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●labourer n. 劳动者
●overnight adv. 一夜之间
●hay n. 干草
●corn n. 谷物
●moonlight n. 月光
●conscientious adj. 认真的
●suspect v. 怀疑
●desert v. （军队中）开小差
●regiment n. （军队）团
●action n. 战斗
●recluse n. 隐士

■labourer n. 劳动者
labourer 特别强调使用体力，而不是技能；户外工作
workman    指具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人
worker     泛指，暗示具有更高的技术水平，通常指脑力劳动者
farmhand   农场雇工，农业工人; farm labourer

■overnight adv. 一夜之间
■hay n. 干草
■corn n. 谷物
■moonlight n. 月光
■conscientious adj. 认真的
a conscientious teacher
conscious adj. 意识到的，清楚的

L29-04_30-01  end  9’50”

L30-02  begin  9’20”

■suspect v. 怀疑
suspect vt. 怀疑  to believe to be true or likely
I suspected him of stealing the car.
suspected that…
He suspected that his girlfriend tried to hide her true feelings.
suspect sb. to be
I suspect him to be a spy.
doubt 怀疑, 表示否定的语意
I doubt whether he is a liar. / I suspect that he is a liar.
I doubt the truth of his statement.
suspicious adj.
Cats are suspicious of human beings.
suspicion n. 猜疑，怀疑

■desert v. （军队中）开小差
desert vt. run away without permission
The soldier deserted his army.
We sheltered from the storm in a deserted hut.
abandon 放弃
desert 违背法律、道义、责任、信仰
desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family
abandon 被迫放弃所感兴趣或所负责任的东西。
He had to abandon his favorite research because of the war.
forsake vt.  放弃，抛弃，与……脱离关系
Eg.: He forsook his family.
discard v. 放弃，丢弃： give up as useless
Eg.: everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish.

■regiment n. （军队）团
■action n. 战斗
■recluse n. 隐士

【Text】
§ Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Why did the two brothers keep the secret?

For years villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farm hands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the sam story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find the work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cow sheds had been cleaned. A farm worker,who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.
No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the \'ghost\' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over forty years.
Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army life he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his farther hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years,

bluecabin

Eric had lived as a recluse.He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.

参考译文
多年来，村民们一直认为恩得利农场在闹鬼。恩得利农场属于乔.考科斯和鲍勃.考科斯兄弟俩所有。他们雇了几个农工，但谁也不愿意在那儿长期工作下去。每次雇工辞职后都叙述着同样的故事。雇工们说，常常一早起来发现有人在夜里把活干了，干草已切好，牛棚也打扫干净了。有一个彻夜未眠的雇工还声称他看见一个人影在月光下收割庄稼。随着时间的流逝，考科斯兄弟雇了一个尽心尽责的鬼，他们家的活大部分都让鬼给干了，这件事成了公认的事实。
谁也没想到农场竟会有一个从未露面的人。但事实上确有此人。不久之前，村民们惊悉恩得利农场的鬼死了。大家都去参加了葬礼，因为那“鬼”不是别人，正是农场主的兄弟埃里克.考科斯。人们以为埃里克年轻时就死了。葬礼之后，乔和鲍勃透露了他们保守了长达50多年的秘密。
埃里克是这家长子。年龄比他两个弟弟大很多，第二次世界大战期间被迫参军。他讨厌军旅生活，决定逃离所在部队。当他了解自己将被派遣出国时，他逃回农场，父亲把他藏了起来，直到战争结束。由于害怕当局，埃里克战后继续深藏不露。他的父亲告诉大家，埃里克在战争中被打死了。除此之外，只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。但他俩连自己的妻子都没告诉。父亲死后，他们兄弟俩认为有责任继续把埃里克藏起来。这些年来，埃里克过着隐士生活，白天睡觉，夜里出来干活，一点不知道自己已成了恩得利家场的活鬼。他死后，他的弟弟们才觉得无法再保守这个秘密了。

【课文讲解】
It is said the public house was haunted.
haunt: visit somewhere very often
He haunted this cinema.

own == possess
the farm was possessed by two brothers.
be willing to ==be ready to do

every time ==whenever引导时间状语从句
Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.
Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.

wake up to find that  醒过来的时候，结果却发现……
to 不定式做结果状语
He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of people.
He hurried to the post office only to find that it was shut.

L30-02  end  9’20”

L30-03  begin  9’19”

and 平行句式结构
hay 干草

A farm worker, who…, claimed to …
句子主干：A farm worker claimed to …
claim to have done
claim to have done 声称做过某事
Eg: He claimed to have seen the puma.
Seamen claimed to have seen monsters.
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
who 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明 a farm worker
These young people, who love the peace of the moutains, always receive a warm welcome at Salnt Bernard Monastery.
stay up : not to go to bed
I stayed up last night
The boy sat up to see the film.
wait up for/sit up for 为了等待某人回来而不睡觉
Don’t wait up for me, I’ll be home very late.
burn the midnight oil 开夜车
Eg: I have to burn the midnight oil tonight to complete work.

in time 最后，终于

It became an accepted fact that…
变成一个大家都接受的事实
that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact

同位语补充说明先行词的内涵
An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.
It becomes an accepted fact that eht puma is still at large.

that引导定语从句

No one suspected that…
someone else who had neer been seen

be astonished = be surprised
astonish, surprise, amaze, astound
be astonished to do sth.
I’m not surprised to see he is still as fat as before.

for == as 是对全句的补述

none other than == no other than  强调结构，表示不是别人而正是……
Eg: The man who had sent the flowers was none other than the man she had spoken to the night before.

L30-03  end  9’19”

L30-04  begin  9’42”

It was no other than my old friend Johnson.
The man who spoke to her was none other than her husband.

nothing else than 仅仅
Eg: His failiure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.

a third brother 又一位兄弟
who was supposed = who was thought
He was supposed to have died 20 years before.

keep secret    保密
reveal secret   揭露秘密，披露秘密
The press revealed the scandal.
He kept secret for a long time.
he kept it to himself for a long time.

very much : much 用来加强语气
be obliged to do = be forced to do 被迫做某事
He had been in hiding...
Fearing the authorities...现在分词引导原因状语
in hiding = in concealment
he remained in hiding at home...

the only other people who knew the secret 仅知道的人
the only other people who finished the work 仅完成这项工作的人

they thought it their duty to...
it 形式宾语
I thought it very difficult to pass this examination.
We all think it our duty to support our parents.
形式宾语it和宾语补足语直接搭配连用，宾语补足语可以是名词或形容词

形容词短语做状语，进一步补充说明全句
quite unaware of the fact that...
that 引导同位语从句
We amass requisites quite unaware of the fact.
amass  收藏，积聚

his brothers found it impossible to do...
it形式宾语
It is quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.
I found it quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.

L30-04  end  9’42”

L30-05  begin  

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  While farmhands stayed at Endley Farm _____ .
a. they woke up during the night to find their work had been done for them
b. they often saw a figure working in the fields at night
c. they did not have any work to do
d. it never occurred to them that there was someone in hiding on the farm
it never occur to them that...
it 在这儿是形式主语

2  Eric remained in hiding after the war because
a. he feared the penalty he might receive for his desertion
b. his father had told everyone he had died
c. he was afraid of being sent abroad by the authorities
d. he was fond of the life of a recluse
penalty ==punishment 惩罚

3  When did the identity of the ‘ghost’ become known?
a. When the illagers attended the funeral.
b. Fifty years after the outbreak of the Second World War.
c. when the father or me three Cox brothers died.
d. When Joe and Bob felt they would have to have their brother buried.

Structure
4  Farm labourers said that on waking up _____ work had been done.(ll.4-5)
a. to find    b. they would find    c. and finding    d. they had found

5  ---- employed a conscientious ghost, _____ most oftheir work for them. (ll.8-9)
a. doing    b. to have done    c. which did    d. so as to do

6  As he hated _____ , he decided to desert … (l.16)
a. the life of army    b. life in the army    c. life of the army    d. the army for life
军队生活： army life; life in the army
学校生活： school life; life in the school

7  ---- Eric had been killed _____ fighting with his regiment. (ll.18-19)
a. while    b. during    c. as if    d. because

8  Joe and Bob were the only other people who knew the secret _____ their wives. (ll.19-20)
a. and did not even tell    b. which they did not even tell
c. who did not tell         d. yet did not tell it to

Vocabulary
9    _____ , it became an accepted fact. … (1.
a. At the time    b. On time    c. With time    d. At times
at times == occasionally 有时
on time 准时

10  He was _____ during the Second World War. (ll.15-16)
a. recruited    b. conscripted    c. armed    d. regimented
recruit 招募军队 可指非法招募
Eg: Can\'t you recruit more members to the music society?
conscript 根据法律或宪法征兵，与介词into 连用，在美语中用draft
regiment n. 军团； vt. 使受训练
arm vt. 武装

11  All these years, Eric had lived _____ . (ll.20-21)
a. out of this world    b. a secret life    c. without a companion    d. the life of a hermit

12  He used to work at night, _____ that he had become the ghost of Endley. (ll.21-22)
a. never realizing    b. quite misunderstanding    c. quite ignoring    d. never accounting for
realize == become aware of
never realizing = quite unaware of

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. D   2. A   3. D   4. B   5. C   6. B   7. A   8. A   9. C   10. B   11. D   12. A

L30-05  8’35”        [ Lesson 30  39:13 ]


L30-05_31-01  2’24”      [ Lesson 31  41:04 ]
§ Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●lovable         adj. 可爱的
●eccentric         n. （行为）古怪的人
●disregard         v. 不顾，漠视
●convention         n. 习俗，风俗
●conscious         adj. 感觉到的，意识到的
●invariably         adv. 总是，经常地
●routine         n. 常规；惯例
●shrewd         adj. 精明的
●eccentricity         n. 怪僻
●legendary         adj. 传奇般的
●snob         n. 诌上欺下的人
●intensely         adv. 强烈地
●bedraggled         adj 拖泥带水的
●dump         v. 把……砰的一声抛下
●apologetic         adj. 道歉的
●reprimand         v. 训斥
●stage         v. 暗中策划
●elaborate         adj. 精心构思的

■lovable adj. 可爱的
lovable == worthy of love
lovely = beautiful 可爱的
lovable    惹人爱
Eg: What he does is lovable.
    I like the lovely boy/girl.
A large number of eccentrics are lovable. 许多怪人惹人喜爱。

L30-05_31-01  end  11’02”

L31-02  begin  11’26”

■eccentric n. （行为）古怪的人
eccentric: a person whose behaviou is peculiar, unusual, rather strange.
eccentric: adj. peculiar, unusual; strange
strange因为陌生而奇怪
Eg.: The modern building looks strange to the villages.
eccentric 行为举止古怪
Eg.: I can’t get on well with him, because he is eccentric.
odd 强调因为少见而多怪
Eg.: Look, he is wearing an odd hat.
peculiar 奇异的，不同寻常的
The house is peculiar.
I feel peculiar today. ==I feel uncomfortable / ill. == I’m not myself today.
eccentricity n. 怪癖

■disregard v. 不顾，漠视
disregard: ignore; pay no attention to
Disregard noise and keep working
disregard n.
have disregard of / for
He has complete disregard of / for my feelings.
in disregard of
He did the work in disregard of my instructions.
treat sb. with disregard 怠慢某人
Anyway, don’t treat your friends with disregard.

■convention n. 习俗，风俗
convention: generally accepted practice.
Shaking hands when meeting people is normal convention in China.
custom 历史悠久的社会习俗
It’s a custom of giving presents at Christmas.
He always does exactly what he wants and does not care about convention.
practice 某团体的传统做法或令他人无法接受的习俗
Eg.: The normal practice in the company is to send bill as soon as the job is done.
Your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat--the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.(三册L23)
tradition  传统
Spending Christmas Day is a tradition for western people.
habit 个人习惯
I have a habit of reading English aloud in the morning.

■conscious adj. 感觉到的，意识到的
conscious ==aware
be conscious of / that
be aware of / that
He is quite unaware of the danger.
He is not conscious of the danger.
class conscious 有阶级意识的
family conscious 有家庭观念的
clothes conscious 注重衣着的
stairs conscious  注重地位的
aware, conscious的反义词直接加un-
unaware, unconscious
subconscious 下意识的
consciousness n.

■invariably adv. 总是，经常地
■routine n. 常规；惯例
routine: the regular fixed way of sth. / doing things
follow the routine 墨守常规
break the routine 打破常规
start the daily routine 开始每天的日常生活

■shrewd adj. 精明的
shrewed: showing good practical judgement 精明的，狡滑的，敏锐的，机灵的
He is a shrewed observer.
We have got shrewed common sense.
Sb. is shrewed. == He has good judgement.
shrewed brained
shrewed headed  头脑机灵的
shrewed looking 看起来机灵的

L31-02  end  11’26”

L31-03  begin  11’00”

cunning: clever at deceiving 善于歉骗的
sly 用更隐秘的办法来达到目的
a sly old fox

■eccentricity n. 怪僻
■legendary adj. 传奇般的
■snob n. 诌上欺下的人
■intensely adv. 强烈地
intense adj. very strong ; violent; extreme; sharp; etc.
intense cold 严寒
intense heat 酷暑
intense discussion 激烈的讨论
intensify vt. 使增强
You must intensify your sense of responsibility.你必须加强责任感。
intensity n.
Losing jobs are growing in intensity.

sth are growing in intensity ……（某种程度）在加强
Eg: Losing jobs are growing in intensity.

■bedraggled adj 拖泥带水的
■dump v. 把……砰的一声抛下
■reprimand v. 训斥
reprimand: scold officially and severely
blame     责备(语气程度很弱)
Eg.: The teacher blamed him for his coming late.
scold       斥责(语气稍重一点)
Don’t scold me for a trifle.
reproach  斥责 (语气最严重)
He often reproached his children.
reprimand: scold officially and severely
The boss reprimanded his employees severely.

■apologetic adj. 道歉的
apologize v.
He apologized to his boss.
The boss apologized to his employees.
He was apologetic. 他致以歉意
apology n. 歉意
make apology to sb. for sth.

■stage v. 暗中策划
He stage a joke.

■elaborate adj. 精心构思的
elaborate == carefully worked out
an elaborate design 精心的设计
elaborate vt.
He elaborated a system of computer.

【Text】
Lesson 31   A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Why did the shop assistant refuse to serve Dickie?

True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.
Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town. He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.
Dickie disliked snobs intensely. Though he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. Even when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower. He wanted to buy a ￡300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve him. Dickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag. As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter. The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and \'reprimanded the assis-
tant severely. When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag. It contained ￡300 in pennies. He insisted on the assistant\'s counting the money before he left---- 30,000 pennies in all! On another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings. This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie. It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.

参考译文
真正古怪的人从不有意引人注意。他们不顾社会习俗，意识不到自己所作所为有什么特殊之处。他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊敬，因为他们给平淡单一的日常生活增添了色彩。
理查德.科尔森生前是我们镇上最有名望的人之一。他是个精明能干、有钱的商人，但镇上大部分人对他生活中的这一个方面几乎一无所知。大家都管他叫迪基。早在他去世前很久，他的古怪行为就成了传奇故事了。
迪基痛恨势利小人。尽管他有一辆豪华小轿车，但却很少使用，常常喜欢以步代车。即使大雨倾盆，他也总是拒绝带伞。一天，他遇上一场瓢泼大雨，淋得透湿。他走进一家高级商店，要为妻子买一块价值300英镑的手表。但店员见他浑身泥水的样子，竟不肯接待他。迪基二话没说就走了。一会儿，他带着一个大布口袋回到店里。布袋很沉，他重重地把布袋扔在柜台上。店员让迪基走开，他置之不理，并要求见经理。经理认出了这位顾客，表示了深深的歉意，还严厉地训斥了店员。店员为迪基拿出了那块手表，迪基把布口袋递给他，口袋里面装着300镑的便士。他坚持要店员点清那些硬币后他才离去。这些硬币加在一起共有30,000枚！ 还有一次，他邀请一些著名评论家来参观他私人收藏的现代画。这次展览引起报界广泛注意，因为这些画名义上是名家的作品，事实上是迪基自己画的。他花了4年时间策划这出精心设计的闹剧，只是想证明评论家们有时并不解他们所谈论的事情。

【课文讲解】

deliberately: on purpose
set out to do = set about doing = start doing / to do sth.
draw attention to 吸引对......的注意
capture/attract/hold/catch/arrest/receive/draw attention to  吸引对……的注意力

He made a mistake without being conscious of the fact
invariably = always
Her fine character quickly won her the friendship of her colleagues

win sb sth 为某人赢得……
add colour to 增添色彩
Eccentrics add colour to our dull life.
背诵第一自然段。

up to the time of his death: before he died. 完成时
notable: famous
this side of his life 生活的这一面

L31-03  end  11’00”

L31-04  begin  11’10”

Dickie disliked snobs intensely / violently
preferring 现在分词做伴随状况状语

be caught in a heavy shower   遇到瓢泼大雨
be caught in a heavy snow      遇到大雪
be caught in a heavy storm   遇到风暴

pay no attention to sb = ignore sb = take no notice of sb = turn a deaf ear to sb对……不予理睬
Dickie took no notice of him
dickie turned a deaf ear to him.
refuse to listen to

request 求见（非常正式而有礼貌的用词，语气相当强烈，假如你request某件东西的话，通常你有权利得到你想要的。）
I requested the headmaster.
Every student can request assistance of their teachers.’
demand 在语气上还要强烈，假如你demand某件东西的话，你坚决认为你有权利得到你想要的，且不愿意接受否定的回答。
I demand my rights. 我要求我的权力。
ask 口头或写信介到某物
I asked to get the book.
he asked me for help.
realizing or recognizing 在这里现在分词做原因状语
most = very much

present sb. with sth. or present sth. to sb. 把......交给

insist on doing / insist that
He insisted that the shop assistant should count the money before he left.

背诵：receive a great deal of attention in the press 引起了报界广泛注意

simply to prove = only to prove

talk nonsense  胡说八道
talk sense        说正经话
背诵第三段及关键句型

L31-04  end  11’10”

L31-05  begin  10’56”

【Multiple choice questions】P148
Comprehension
1  Most people in the town would have regarded Dickie’s behaviour as eccentric on the day he visited the shop because _____ .
a. when he set out into the rain he did not take an umbrella
b. he went to such lengths to show his dislike of snobbery
c. he spent so much money on a watch
d. he had not counted the pennies before giving them to the assistant
go to lengths  竭尽全力

2  When Dickie went into an expensive shop _____ .
a. he wanted to shelter from the rain
b. he did not look like a man who could afford a watch
c. he had forgotten to bring his cloth bag with him
d. he had been sent by his wife to buy a watch

3  The press paid a great deal of attention to Dickie’s exhibition because _____ .
a. it had taken him so long to prepare the paintings
b. the critics admired Dickie’s ability to copy the work of famous artists
c. no one had known that Dickie was a painter
d. it became known that Dickie had succeeded in deceiving the critics

Structure
4  They disregard social conentions and requite unaware _____ they are doing anything extraordinary. (ll.2-3)
a. that what    b. of the fact that    c. if    d. when
(of the fact可省略)

5  As it _____ , he dumped it on the counter. (ll.14-15)
a. was weighing    b. weighed a lot    c. weighed much   d. had weighed much
much多用于疑问句或否定句中，而肯定句中多用a lot; a great deal
Eg.: He knows a lot about it.
He doesn’t know much about it.
Does he know much about it?

6  _____ ￡300 worth of pennies in the bag. (ll.17-18)
a. There were    b. It was    c. They were    d. It had

7  He insisted _____ the money before he left.(l.18)
a. that the assistant should count    b. the assistant to count
c. to count                           d. to be counted

8  He asked a number of important critics to come _____ his private… (ll.19-20)
a. and see    b. seeing    c. see    d. so they  saw

Vocabulary
9 ----and returned carrying a large _____ . (l.14)
a. cloth case    b. clothes-basket    c. sack of clothing    d. bag made of cloth

10  But dickie paid no attention to his _____… (l.15)
a. question    b. inquiry    c. query    d. demand

11  The pictures were supposed to have been _____ by famous artists.(ll.20-21)
a. worked    b. made    c. done    d. designed

12  Critics do not always _____ . (ll.22)
a. mean well    b. speak with understanding    c. tell the truth    d. takl sense
talk nonsence 胡说

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B   2. B   3. D   4. B   5. B   6. A   7. A   8. A   9. D   10. D   11. C   12. D

L31-05  5’10”      [ Lesson 31  41:04 ]

L31-05_32-01  5’43”      [ Lesson 32  36:52 ]
§ Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●salvage         v. 救助，营救；打捞
●Barents         n. 巴伦支（海）
●sunken         adj. 沉没的
●cargo         n. 货物
●bullion         n. 金条；银条
●scour         v. 彻底搜索
●chest         n. 大箱子
●contents         n.（复数）所装的东西
●belongings         n. （复数）所有物
●item         n. 物件
●cruiser         n. 巡洋舰
●find         n. 找到的物品
●log book         航海日志
●piece         v. 拼成整体
●convoy         n. 护航
●torpedo         v. 用鱼雷攻击
●submarine         n. 潜水艇
●naval         adj. 海军的
●ministry         n.（政府的）部

■salvage v. 救助，营救；打捞
salvage goods from the fire
salvage the patient
salvage your time 节省时间
salvage archaelogy 抢救性考古
salvage boat 救助船
salvage money 救助费，打捞费

■Barents n. 巴伦支（海）
■sunken adj. 沉没的
■cargo n. 货物
cargo: the goods carried by ship; plane or vehicle
Eg.:  The ship has a cargo of 1,000 tons
cargo vessel
goods: the goods carried by plane or train 也可以做形容词，只能表示铁路运输，常指商店里的的商品。
Eg.: Trains are used to carry goods and passengers.
A goods train

■bullion n. 金条；银条
■scour v. 彻底搜索
go through
The house has been searched / scoured for the hidden bullion.

scour / search / hunt  (都可与for 搭配,表示目的)
search  指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西，比look for更正式
hunt    指漫无边际的寻找急需要的东西
scour   表示彻底地搜查一个特定范围并暗示花费更大的力气
Eg.: I have been searching everywhere, but I can’t find the key.
We spent a week hunting for the puma.

L31-04_32-01  end  10’56”

L32-02  begin  10’13”

They scoured the woods for the child.
scour / search / hunt  (都可与for 搭配,表示目的)

■chest n. 大箱子
chest: a large strong box in which valuable objects are kept
case 衣箱（总称）
suitcase 手提箱
safe 保险箱
trunk 汽车尾箱
dustbin 垃圾箱

■contents n.（复数）所装的东西
■belongings n. （复数）所有物
■item n. 物件
■cruiser n. 巡洋舰
■find n. 找到的物品
find: Something good or valuable
Eg.: the little restaurant is quite a find.
The garden is a good find.

■log book 航海日志
■piece v. 拼成整体
part / a piece of cake / a piece of news
piece: put parts together to form a whole
piece together 拼揍
Eg.: They piece the log book together.
piece up 修补，拼合
Please piece up the dress.
piece a quilt

■convoy n. 护航
in convoy 护航
under convoy: 被护航

■torpedo v. 用鱼雷攻击
■submarine n. 潜水艇
前缀sub-
1. 下
subway 地铁
substructure 下层建筑
subsoil 下层土
subnormal 低于正常的
2．次；准；亚
subtripics
subcollege
subcontinent
3. 副；分支；下级；下属
subeditor 副编辑
subagent 副代理人
subhead 副标题
suboffice 分办事处
4．接近的
subadult 接近成人的
subteen 将近十三岁的
subequal 接近相等的
5．再
subdived 再分
sublet 转租
subculture 再培养

■naval adj. 海军的
navy 海军
naval port 军港
naval power 制海权
voyage 海上航行
navigation 航海术
navigate v. 航海，航行

■ministry n.（政府的）部

【Text】
Lesson 32   A lost ship 一艘沉船
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Did the crew of the Elkor find what they were looking for? Why?

The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship\'s captain instructing him to give up the search. The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.
Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom. Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong. What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.
The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and photographs,together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife. The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser. In another chest, which contained the belongings of a ship\'s officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943. The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of all was the ship\'s log book, parts of which it was still possible to read. From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light. The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.

参考译文
打捞工作彻底失败了。小船“埃尔科”号在巴伦支海搜寻了几个星期之后，正在返航途中。返航前，该船船长收到了大陆发来的电报，指示他们放弃这次搜寻。船长知道日后还会再作尝试，因为他试图寻找的沉船上载有一批珍贵的金条。
尽管船长接了电报，他还是决定再试一试。他们用结实的网把海床搜索了一遍。当一只箱子从海底被打捞上来时，甲板上人们激动不已。船员们开始认为沉船找着了，但海底沉箱内的物品证明他们弄错了。事实上，他们发现的是另一艘沉没多年的船。
木箱内装有水手艾伦.菲尔丁的私人财物，其中有书箱、衣服、照片以及水手收到的妻子的来信。“埃尔科”号船长命令船员们尽量从沉船中打捞物品，但没发现什么值钱的东西，不过打捞出来的众多的物品还是引起了大家极大的兴趣。从捞起的一门大炮来看，船长认为那艘船一定是艘巡洋舰。另一只海底沉箱中装的是船上一位军官的财物，其中有一封写于1943年3月14日的信，但没有写完。从这封信中船长了解到沉船船名是“卡伦”号。打捞到的东西中最有价值的是船上的航海日志，其中有一部分仍然清晰可读。据此，船长可以将所有的那些已经搞清的材料拼凑起来。“卡伦”号当年在为其他船只护航驶往俄国的途中突然遭到敌方潜水艇鱼雷的袭击。这一说法在“埃尔科”号返航后得到的国防部一位海军官员的证实。那次打捞到的所有物品均被送往军事博物馆。

【课文讲解】

背熟：The salvage operation had been a complete failure.
My examination is a complete failure. 这次考试完全失败了。
Their experiment had been a complete failure.

背熟：A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship\'s captain instructing him to give up the search.
The shop’s captain received a radio message from the mainland instructing him to give up the search.
instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
The editor sent a fax to the journalist instructing him to get statistics.
make another attempt

L32-02  end  10’13”

L32-03  begin  9’56”

despite ==in spite of
try once more代替了make another attempt

There is tremendous excitement 书面语
People on board felt excited. (口语)
There was tremendous excitement before the game.
under the impression that == thinking that
I am under the impression that he is the manager of the store.
He is under the impression that you’ll help him.

sunken / sunk
需定语时用 sunken
The ship had sunk
a sunken ship
personal belongings 个人所属物品
together with 还有

salvage as much as possible / salvage as much as they could

of value ==valuable
very much interesting == of great interest
of great importance / of great significance / of no consequence / of no importance / of no interest
numerous ==countless

There were the belongings of ship officer in the chest.
learn from 从......得知

L32-03  end  9’56”

L32-04  begin

parts of the log book it was still possible to read.
It was still possible to read parts of the log book.

come to light = become known = emerge 被公开，被发现（不及物动词短语，要用主动语态）
Eg:  The secret came to light after his death.
bring sth to light/ review 把……公布于众
Eg: The two brothers reviewed/ brought the secret to light

in a convoy 护航
under a convoy 被护航
confirmed == made sure

背熟第一自然段，牢记并熟练运用第二、三自然段的重点结构。

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  Why had the salvage operation been a complete failure?
a. They had failed to locate the ship they had been sent to look for.
b. They had not succeeded in finding the Barents Sea.
c. They hadfound the wrong ship.
d. The captain had not understood his instructions.

2  In ordering as much as possible to be salvaged from the wreck, the captain _____ .
a. expected to find some of the gold bullion
b. hoped, among other things, to establish the identity of the ship
c. thought he would find out that the ship had been a cruiser
d. was looking for more information concerning the dead seaman

3  The log book was the most important find because it _____ .
a. helped to explain how the warship had come to be sunk in the Barents Sea
b. contained a written account of how the Karen had been torpedoed
c. provided vital information as to the ship’s whereablaots
d. gave the Ministry of Defence information it had known nothing about

Structure
4  The captain knew that _____ the only attempt.(l.5)
a. it was not    b. his had not been    c. his would not be    d. it had not been

5  It was a ship which had been sunk many years before _____ in fact found. (l.11)
a. what they had    b. that they had    c. had been    d. which was

6  They did not find _____ . (l.14)
a. nothing of value    b. a valuable thing    c. any value    d. anything valuable

7  ---- parts of which _____ . (l.19)
a. it could still be read    b. it could still read    c. could still be read    d. could still read

8  After the Elkor had returned home, a naval official _____ . (ll.21-22)
a. had this later confirmed at the Ministry of Defence
b. confirmed this at the Ministry of Defence
c. at the Ministry of Defence confirmed this
d. later at the Ministry of Defence confirmed this

Vocabulary
9  The ship’s captain had received instructions to give up the search _____ a radio message from the mainland. (ll.3-4)
a. on    b. by    c. with    d. in
in the letter / in the radio message / in the fax

10  There were books, clothing and photographs, _____ letters … (ll.12-13)
a. including    b. along with    c. added to    d. beside

11---- an unfinished letter which was _____ March 14th, 1943. (l.17)
a. inscribed    b. marked    c. dated    d. posted on
inscribe 刻画
mark 做标记

12  ---- all the information that had _____ . (l.20)
a. emerged    b. alighted    c. arisen    d. surfaced
arisen (原形是arise ) 出现
surface 露出水面
alight on 偶然发现
My eyes alighted on the book.

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A   2. B   3. A   4. C   5. B   6. D   7. C   8. C   9. D   10. B   11. C   12. A

L32-04  end  11’01”   [ Lesson 32  36:52 ]

迦叶

这算什么DD?有哪个高人能告诉我吗?

bluecabin

§ Lesson 33  A day to remember 难忘的一天
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●prelude         n. 序幕，前奏
●unforeseen         adj. 意料之外的
●series         n. 系列
●catastrophe         n. 大祸，灾难
●crockery         n. 陶器，瓦器
●suburb         n. 郊区
●collide         v. 猛撞
●learner         n. 初学者
●panic         n. 惊慌，恐慌
●windscreen         n. （汽车的）挡风玻璃
●alongside         prep. 在……的旁边，与……并排
●slide         v. 滑
●stray         adj. 离群的
●confusion         n. 混乱
●greedily         adv. 贪婪地
●devour         v. 狼吞虎咽地吃

■prelude n. 序幕，前奏
a prelude to sth ……的前奏
Eg: a prelude to serious trouble  麻烦的前奏
introduction 导言，绪论
introduction to the book
preface 序，前言
foreword 序

■unforeseen adj. 意料之外的
foresee == see before hand
I foresee a bright future for you.
foreseeable 可预见的
foreseeing 预料之中的
unforeseeing 意料之外的
foretell 预言，主语可以是人或物
predict 预言，预示（语气较强），主语必须是人
Eg: He predicted that it would happen in ten years.
forecast : 预测，预报（主要指天气的预报）
Eg: Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest. 瑞雪照丰年

■series n. 系列
series 单复数形式同形
a series of
We’ve got a series of good harvest.
chain 连串，连锁
a chain of 一系列
a series of reaction 一系列反应
a chain of reaction一系列反应
chain store 连锁店，
chain reaction 连锁反应
chain smoker 吸烟很严重的人
succession 侧重时间上的连续
a suucession of failures 一系列的失败
Eg.: We’ve got a succession of successes.
string 连续不断相似的事件
Eg.: a string of cars 一连串的汽车
train   一个接一个发生的事
a train of thoughts/ ideas 一个个的想法

■catastrophe n. 大祸，灾难
worldwide catastrophe 世界范围的灾难
national catastrophe 波及全国的灾难
disaster 灾难，不幸（语气较弱）
calamity 灾害，不幸事件
nature calamity 自然灾害

■crockery n. 陶器，瓦器
■suburb n. 郊区
■collide v. 猛撞
■learner n. 初学者
■panic n. 惊慌，恐慌
panic : uncontrollable quickly spreading fear or terror
get into a panic 陷入惊慌之中
He suddenly got into a panic and stop his car.
be struck with panic== be seized with panic 惊慌失措
He was seized with panic.
terror 惊骇
horror 恐惧
fright 害怕
alarm 惊恐
■windscreen n. （汽车的）挡风玻璃
■alongside prep. 在……的旁边，与……并排
■slide v. 滑
■stray adj. 迷失的，离群的
The dog strayed from home.

■confusion n. 混乱
condition out of order
in order 秩序井然
out of order 混乱
L33-01  end  10’19”

L33-02  begin  10’10”

in confusion 乱七八糟
be covered with confusion 局促不安
throw sb into confusion 使某人惊慌失措

■greedily adv. 贪婪地
■devour v. 狼吞虎咽地吃
devour:
1. eat like an animal
The dog devoured the cake
2. destroy 吞灭，席卷
The flames devoured the whole building
3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 贪婪地看
His eyes devoured the scene. 他两眼贪婪地看着。

【Text】整篇背诵
§ Lesson 33  A day to remember 难忘的一天
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What incident began the series of traffic accidents?

We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment. It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process. You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
Things can go wrong on a big scale as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue. The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her brake hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden. The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. This led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. It was just one of those days!

参考译文
我们大家都有过事事不顺心的日子。一天开始时，可能还不错，但突然间似乎一切都失去了控制。情况经常是这样的，许许多多的事情都偏偏赶在同一时刻出问题，好像是一件无关紧要的小事引起了一连串的连锁反应。假设你在做饭，同时又在照看孩子。这时电话铃响了。它预示着一连串意想不到的灾难的来临。就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具半数摔碎，同时也弄伤了他自己。你急急忙忙挂上电话，赶去照看孩子和餐具。这时，饭又烧糊了。好像这一切还不足以使你急得掉泪，你的丈夫接着回来了，事先没打招呼就带来3个客人吃饭。
就像许多人最近在悉尼郊区帕拉马塔发现的那样，有时乱子会闹得很大。一天傍晚交通最拥挤时，一辆汽车撞上前面一辆汽车，两个司机争吵起来。紧跟其后的一辆车上的司机碰巧是个初学者，她一惊之下突然把车停了下来。她这一停使得跟在后头的司机也来个急刹车。司机妻子正坐在他身边，手里托着块大蛋糕。她往前一冲，蛋糕从挡风玻璃飞了出去掉到马路上。此时，一辆卡车正好从后边开到那辆汽车边上，司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降，紧急刹车。卡车上装着空啤酒瓶。成百只瓶子顺势从卡车后面滑出车外落在马路上。这又引起一场唇枪舌剑的争吵。与此同时，后面的车辆排成了长龙，警察花了将近一个小时才使车辆又开起来。在这段时间里，卡车司机不得不清扫那几百只破瓶子。只有两只野狗从这一片混乱中得到好处，它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。这就是事事不顺心的那么一天！

【课文讲解】

Every dog has its day 每个人都会有飞黄腾达的日子
get out of control 失控
uncontrollable, beyond control

invariably: always
What happened yesterday was that he couldn’t deal with the hot potato.
precisely: exactly

It is as if            
It seems as if
It looks as if
似乎好象看起来

set up = cause 引起，导致，造成
What set up the accident?
set up a world record 创世界纪录
set up = creat 创立，建立
The unimportant event is the prelude to trouble. 不重要的事情是麻烦事的前奏。

keep an eye on tha baby 照料孩子
keep an eye on = look after = take care of
Please keep an eye on my bouse while I am out.
keep one’s eyes open 睁大眼睛
When I am out, please keep your eyes open.
have an eye to
eye for eye  以牙还牙
have eyes only for 只要，只爱
Eg: I have eyes only for you.
look sb in the eyes 两眼直视某人
eye to eye with sb  与某人看法完全一样
Eg: I invariably see eye to eye with my sister.
turn a blind eye to sth.  对……视而不见
Eg: He even turned blind eye to me.
make eyes at sb 含情报脉脉地看着某人
Eg: The boy is making eyes at his girlfriend.

L33-02  end  10’10”

L33-03  begin  10’05”

on teh phone = answer the phone

pull off 拉下来
pick off 取下来
knock off 碰落下来
smash half 摔成两半
in the process 在这个过程中
hang up == put on the receiver

attend to == look after == deal with
Please attend to my baby.
Excuse me, I have something urgent to attend to.

reduce you to tears.
reduce sb to + 名词： 迫使某人处于……状态
Eg: You almost reduce me to tears.
His comforting words almost reduced his wife to tears.
His answer reduced me to silence.
The bomb reduced the city to ruins.

we can draw a conclusion.
Everything seems to get out of control suddenly and a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment.

on a big scale == to a great degree == to great extent
as 引导非限制性定语从句（二册已详细说过）

Troubles never come single 祸不单行
as we know 众所周知
As we know, the earth is round.
As brane pointed out, giving up smoking is the easiest thing to do in the world.
As the headmaster mentioned, one is never too old to learn.
as重点突出整个句子的含义，而which有可能指代主句当中的某个词汇，也有可能指代整个句子的含义。
As we expected, John was admitted to the university.
She married him, which was unexpected.
She married him as (was ) unexpected.

L33-03  end  10’05”

L33-04  begin  10’32”

The material is elastic as shown in the figure.
The material is elactic which is shown in the figure.

during the rush hour 上下班高峰期
It happened that the woman behind the two cars was a learner.
happen to do  恰巧
I happened to hear the news.
It happened that I heard about it the day before yesterday.
following 现在分词做定语
right ==straight
draw up ==pull up 停车
all of sudden ==suddenly
was loaned with == was filled with
lead to == cause
meanwhile == at the same time 与此同时
get the traffic on the move 使得车辆开动起来
on the move == move from place to place
on the rise  正在上升
on the boil 正在沸腾
on the go 正在忙碌中
on the watch 正在监视
on the turn 正在转变中
on thw run 正在逃跑中
on thw fly 正在飞行中
on the decrease 正在减少

benefit from 从......得益
You benefit a lot from your reading.

L33-04  end  10’32”

L33-05  begin  14’08”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  What would have most upset the woman the day everything went wrong for her?
a. She had not expected her husband to arrive so early.
b. The meal she had cooked for the three guests had got burnt.
c. Her husband had not told her he was bringing anyone to dinner.
d. She had not got enough crockery left to serve the meal with.

2  What might have prevented a chain reaction following the initial collision?
a. If the two drivers who had collided had not begun to argue.
b. Had there been a more experienced driver behind the two cars.
c. If, instead of panicking, the woman had made no attempt to stop.
d. Had the wife of the man who braked not thrown a cake through the window.

3  There was a second angry argument because _____ .
a. the lorry driver blamed the owner of the cake for his accident
b. the traffic was extremely slow to get on the move again
c. the lorry driver did not think he shouldbe made to sweep up the glass
d. two dogs had devoured what was left of the cake

Structure
4  It is as if a single event that is _____ a chain of reactions. (ll.4-5)
a. no importance set up         b. of no imortance set up
c. not any important sets up    d. not any importance sets up
that is ...是定语从句修饰event
a single unimportant event

5  ---- you are preparing a meal _____ keeping an eye on the baby. (ll.6-7)
a. at the same time    b. as you are    c. as well    d. while

6  As if this _____ you to tears …(l.10)
a. has not already reduced    b. were not already reducing
c. did not already reduce      d. would not already reduce

7  Immediately behind the two cars _____ happened to be a learner. (ll.13-14)
a. was a woman who    b. a woman    c. the woman    d. there was the woman who

8  The police spent nearly an hour _____ the traffic on the move again. (ll.19-20)
a. to get    b. until getting    c. getting    d. having got
spend ( time ) doing sth.

vocabulary
9  You are preparing a meal and _____ the baby at the same time. (ll.6-7)
a. looking at    b. seeing    c. watching    d. seeing to

10  She stopped her car _____ a sudden panic. (l.14)
a. into    b. in    c. from    d. with
in panic / in terror / in fear / in horror

11  Hundreds of them _____ the back of the vehicle … (ll.18-19)
a. slipped off    b. slid down    c. slid over    d. slipped under
slid over 躲过
He slid over the question without answering it.

12  They greedily devoured the _____ of the cake. (ll.21-22)
a. left    b. leave    c. leftover    d. remains
leftovers 吃剩的东西（常用复数形式）
The leftovers of the meal were fed to the dog.

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C   2. B   3. A   4. B   5. D   6. A   7. A   8. C   9. C   10. B   11. A   12. D

L33-05  8’06”         [ Lesson 32  49:04 ]

(L33-05_34-01  begin  5’58” )       [ Lesson 34  56:42 ]
§ Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●antique         n. 古玩
●fascination         n. 魅力，迷惑力
●forbidding         adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的
●muster         v. 鼓起
●pretentious         adj. 自命不凡的，矫饰的
●labyrinth         n. 迷宫
●musty         adj. 陈腐的，发霉的
●rarity         n. 稀世珍品
●assorted         adj. 各式各样的
●junk         n. 破料货，废品
●litter         v. 杂乱地布满
●dedicated         adj. 专心致志的
●bargain hunter         到处找便宜货买的人
●dealer         v. 商人
●cherish         v. 期望，渴望
●amply         adv. 足够地
●masterpiece         n. 杰作
●mere         adj. 仅仅的
●prise         v. 撬开
●carve         v. 镌刻
●dagger         n. 短剑，匕首
●miniature         adj. 小巧的，小型的
●Composition         n. 构图

■antique n. 古玩
■fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力
the power of fascinating
for / over / on
Cats have unfailing fascination for most people
Chinese Art has great fascination for me
have fascination for sb.
fascinate
fascinate: attract or interest very strongly
Cats never fail to fascinate human being.
English never fail to fascinate students.
fascinated by / with sth.
He is fascinated with chess.
The students were fascinated by his idea.
charm
The beautiful picture charms me.
I am charmed by the beautiful picture.
captivate
His idea captivated me.
enchant 使...迷惑
She was enchanted by the flower you sent her.

fascinate, charm, captivate, enchant 后直接加ing, 变成形容词
fascinating, charming, captivating, enchanting 表示‘有吸引力的’

L33-05_34-01  end  14’08”

L34-02  begin  14’21”

She is a charming girl.
Cats are fascinating animals.
The flowers are enchanting.
winning 吸引人的（主要指物品）
Eg: The beautiful dresses is winning.

■forbidding adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的
having a unfriendly or danger look
He has got a forbidding appearance.
We’d better not visit the forbidding coast.
forbid
forbid sb to do sth 禁止做某事
Eg: The father forbid his children to touch the clavichord.
forbid doing sth 禁止做……事
Smoking is forbidden here.
the Forbidden City
Forbidden fruit
Forbidden zone
forbid, prohibit, interdict
forbid: 政府或私人下令以禁止
Swimming is forbidden here.
prohibit 法律条文或官方明令禁止
The law prohibits young people under 18 from going to bar.
interdict 法律或教会所不允许

■muster v. 鼓起
collect, summon
muster up / collect up / summon up ==gather / pluck up / keep up
He mustered up his courage and walked up to the girl.

■pretentious adj. 自命不凡的，矫饰的
We won’t like to visit the pretentious shop.
pretend
pretension n. 要求，虚荣，虚荣心

■labyrinth n. 迷宫
■musty adj. 陈腐的，发霉的
■rarity n. 稀世珍品
■assorted adj. 各式各样的
various types mixed together

assorted/ different / various / diverse
different 强调此事物与彼事物完全不同
Eg: The word glare is different from that word slare.
various = all kinds of 强调种类数目不同
Eg: We have got various books.
in every part / all parts / various parts of the world
diverse 强调性质不同
We have got diverse opinion.
assorted :  various types mixed together. 各种各样的
assorted chocolates
He bought a bag of assorted fruits.

■junk n. 破料货，废品
表示“垃圾”的词汇： rubbish / garbage / trash / junk

■litter v. 杂乱地布满
■dedicated adj. 专心致志的
■bargain hunter 到处找便宜货买的人
■dealer v. 商人
businessman / trader / merchant / tradesman
dealer  \"商人\"侧重于零售，相当于tradesman.
peddler 小贩
■cherish v. 期望，渴望
entertain or keep hope, love etc. in mind deeply
Eg: She cherishes the hope that her son will return.
Don\'t cherish such illusion
don\'t cherish such illusion that……  别抱有……的幻想
Eg: Don\'t cherish the illusion that your father will always pay your debts.

■amply adv. 足够地
ample/enough / sufficient / adequate
enough :  数量，程度足够 (可放在名词前或后)
ample :    充足而有余的
sufficent 比enough 正式，且只能放在名词前面
The bread is just enough for one meal.
He is old enough to go to the party.
We have sufficient food to last one week.
We have enough food / food enough to last one week.
sufficiently 只放在被修饰词前
old enough / sufficiently old
adequate 数量和质量上的满足
The performance is adequate.
Don’t be worried. They have gotten ample time.
ample / adequate / sufficient / enough
Whatever you do, you must put your heart into it. And then, someday you will be rewarded amply.

■masterpiece n. 杰作
■mere adj. 仅仅的
■prise v. 撬开
■carve v. 镌刻
■dagger n. 短剑，匕首
■miniature adj. 小巧的，小型的
■Composition n. 构图

【Text】要求全文背诵
§ Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
what was the ‘happy discovery’?

Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place. But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop. There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors.
No one discovers a rarity by chance. A truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, and above all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it. To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer. Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.
My old friend, Frank Halliday, is just such a person. He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere ￡50. One Saturday morning, Frank visited an antique shop in my neighbourhood. As he had never been there before, he found a great deal to interest him. The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing case lying on the floor. The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it. Frank begged him to do so and the dealer reluc-
tantly prised it open. The contents were disappointing. Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken. Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box and suddenly noticed a miniature Painting at the bottom of the packing case. As its composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it. Glancing at it briefly, the dealer told him that it was worth ￡50. Frank could hardly conceal his excitement, for he knew that he had made a real discovery. The tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio and was worth thousands of pounds.

参考译文
古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。高档一点的古玩店为了防尘，把文物漂亮地陈列在玻璃柜子里，那里往往令人望而却步。而对不太装腔作势的古玩店，无论是谁都不用壮着胆子才敢往里进。人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。
无论是谁都不会一下子就发现一件珍品。一个到处找便宜的人必须具有耐心，而且最重要的是看到珍品时要有鉴别珍品的能力。要做到这一点，他至少要像古董商一样懂行。他必须像一个专心致志进行探索的科学家那样抱有这样的希望，即终有一天，他的努力会取得丰硕的成果。
我的老朋友弗兰克.哈利戴正是这样一个人。他多次向我详细讲他如何只花50英镑便买到一位名家的杰作。一个星期六的上午，弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古玩店。由于他从未去过那儿，结果他发现许多有趣的东西。上午很快过去了，弗兰克正准备离去，突然看见地板上放着一只体积很大的货箱。古董商告诉他那只货箱刚到不久，但他嫌麻烦不想把它打开。经弗兰克恳求，古董商才勉强把货箱撬开了。箱内东西令人失望。除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外，货箱内装满陶器，而且大部分都已破碎裂。弗兰克轻轻地把陶器拿出箱子，突然发现在箱底有一幅微型画，画面构图与纸条使他想起一幅他所熟悉的意大利画，于是他决定将画买了下来。古董商漫不经心看了一眼那幅画，告诉弗兰克那画值50英镑。弗兰克几乎无法掩饰自己兴奋的心情，因为他明白自己发现了一件珍品。那幅不大的画原来是柯勒乔的一幅未被发现的杰作，价值几十万英镑。

【课文讲解】

Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people.
L34-02  end  14’21”

L34-03  begin  14’00”

exert a peculiar fascination on sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力
Antique ships appeak to a great many people.
Shoe shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many ladies.
The more expensive kind of antique shop is usually a forbidding place.

rare objects 珍品
rarity
keep sb. or sth. free from
You can’t keep yourselves free from anxieties like tramps.
We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust.

The forbidding antique shop is pretentious.
The more expensive kind of clothing shop is usually a forbidding place. But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious clothing shop.

There is always hope that …… 人们还常常希望
We cherish the hope that ......

Pieces of paper litter the floor. / The floor is littered with pieces of paper.

paragraph 1  Key structure
exert a peculiar fascination on sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力
keep sb. or sth. free from
muster up courage
a less pretentious shop
There is always hope that  …… 人们还常常希望

by chance / by accident
dedicated / concentrated
Eg: He is a truly dedicated scholar.
He is a truly dedicated English learner.
above all : most important of all
To do this: in order to discover a rarity

be bent on/ bent upon doing sth/ be determined on doing sth/ be devoted to sth. /be engageed in doing
潜心于,专心于……
Eg: He is bent on winning the game.
He is bent on becoming a bridge player.

L34-03  end  14’00”

L34-04  begin  13’59”

There is always hope that ...
cherish the hope that...
You must cherish the hope that one day you will be amply reward.

Paragraph 2 Key structure
by chance
a truly dedicated person
above all
the ability to do something
as knowledgeable as
bent on doing
cherish the hope that...

Paragraph 3

for 花费
a mere : only
He found a lot of interesting things.
be about to do sth.
be about to when…… 正要……的时候……（发生某事）
Eg: I was about to leave when the telehone rang.
    He was about to lock door when his friend visited him.

bother: trouble
Don’t bother / trouble to come here tomorrow.
I would not like to be bothered / troubled by you every day.
disturb
The news has distured me very much
It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
disturbing / disturbed
trouble在含义上介于disturb / bother 之间

apart from 除......之外，还有
in addtion to
except
Eg: Apart from a slight headache, I feel all right now.

the box was full of crockery, and much of it was broken.
Dish is done, he begged his wife not to sweep the floor.
She ran into the room, her face covered with tears.
He lay in bed, his face exposed.

at the bottom of 在底部
at the top of 在顶部
remind sb. of
conceal one’s excitement 掩饰激动心情
make a real discovery
hundreds of thousands of 几十万

Paragraph 3 Key structure
for a mere ￡50
im my neighbourhood
he found a great deal to interest him
was about to do when
The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it.
prised it open
Apart from
much of it broken
at the bottom of
reminded sb. of sth.
for he knew that he had made a real discovery
was worth hundreds of thousands of pounds

L34-04  end  13’59”

L 34-05  begin  10’59”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  When Frank Halliday visited an antique shop in the writer’s neighbourhood _____ .
a. it was by no means the first time he had picked up a masterpiece for ￡50
b. he displayed the kind of perseverance needed to find a rarity
c. he spent a short time searching in the morning before deciding to leave
d. he found most of what he looked at rather boring
displayed the kind of perseverance 展现出坚韧不拔的毅力
过去分词做定语修饰perseverance
perseverance needed to do
perseverance needed to learn English well
Our students displayed the kind of perseverance needed to learn English well.

2  How did Frank come to discover the miniature by Correggio?
a. He was shown it by the dealer who did not realize its worth.
b. He persuaded the dealer to open the box in which it happened to be.
c. By concealing his excitement on being told the price wanted for it.
d. By lifting a box of crockery which had been concealing the painting.
happen to be 恰巧

3  Frank decided to buy the miniature because _____ .
a. it was an Italian painting he knew well
b. it only cost ￡50
c. he knew he had made a real discovery
d. it was similar to a painting he knew well

Structure
4  Rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases _____ them free from dust. (ll.2-4)
a. which are keeping    b. which keep    c. who keep    d. and kept
原文： to keep them free from dust
which 引导定语从句，限定glass cases

5  But it is not necessary _____ up courage to enter an ordinary sho.(ll.4-5)
a. for nobody to muster    b. to have mustered    c. that one musters   d. for anyone tomuster
ordinary ==gt; less pretentious
it is not necessary ...

6  A bargain hunter must have patience, and above all, _____ recognize the worth of … (ll.8-9)
a. can    b. is able to    c. ba able to    d. be capable of
the ability
be able to do == have the ability to do
be capable of + 动名词

7  _____ there, he found a great deal to interest him. (ll.13-14)
a. This being his first visit    b. Never having been before
c. This being his first time to visit    d. Having never been before
he had never been there before ...
b选项应为：Never having been there before,
c选项：the first time to do sth. 要去做某事

8  The dealer told him it _____ him ￡50. (ll.20-21)
a. cost    b. had cost    c. will cost    d. would cost
cost 的相应形式

Vocabulary
9  Frank visited an antique shop _____ . (l.13)
a. next door    b. in my county    c. near my home    d. owned by my neighbour
in my neighbourhood == near my home

10  Frank was _____ leaving when … (ll.14-15)
a. almost    b. just    c. only    d. hardly
just ...when...: 刚......就 ......; 正在...... 突然

11  A case which needs prising open has probably been _____ …(ll.15-17)
a. nailed down    b. roped    c. locked    d. unlocked
nailed down: 用钉子钉住
rope:用绳子拴住，捆住

12  The dealer gave it a brief _____ and told him … (ll.20-21)
a. peer    b. eye    c. glance    d. regard
Glancing at it briefly
give sth. a brief glance
peer :眯着眼睛看
重点习题：2、7、10。

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B   2. B   3. C   4. B   5. D   6. C   7. A   8. D   9. C   10. B   11. A   12. C

L34-05  8’33”         [ Lesson 34  56:42 ]

（L34-05_35-01  begin  2’22”）       [ Lesson 35  42:05 ]
§ Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●justice         n. 正义，公正；司法
●coust         n. 法院
●law         n. 法律
●innocence         n. 无辜
●undertake         v. 承担，着手做
●arduous         adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
●abstract         adj. 抽象的
●concept         n. 概念，观念
●mete out         给予，处置
●interference         n. 干涉
●accord         n. 一致
●premises         n. 房屋
●convert         v. 转变，改变
●disused         adj. 不再用的，废弃的
●fireplace         n. 壁炉
●muffle         v. 捂住，厌抑
●chip         v. 砍，削，凿
●bkacken         v. 不变黑
●emerge         v. （从某处）出现

●justice n. 正义，公正；司法
Justice is done 正义得到伸张
bring justice to the criminal 把罪犯缉拿归案
do justice to sb 公正地对待某人
give oneself up to justice 自首
in justice to sth/ sb. 为了对……公正起见
Eg: They decided to investigate the case in justice to person.为了对这件案件公正起见，他们决定调查这个案件

L34-05_35-01  end  10’59”

L35-02  begin  10’07”

injustice 不公平，不公正

●coust n. 法院
●law n. 法律
take law into one\'s own hand 无法无天
take the law of sb 控告
at law 在诉讼中
within the law      合法
outside the law    不合法
lawyer 律师
lawful 有法可依的
laefully adv.
lawless 无法可依的
lawlessly adv.

●innocence n. 无辜
inocent adj. 无辜的

●undertake v. 承担，着手做
take up
undertake to do 承担，开始做
开始做…………
start to do sth/ take off doing sth / be engaged in sth / set out to do / set about doing / perform sth.
... on the way  在进行中
The discuss on the way.

●arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
Study English is an arduous job.
-ous adj.
industrious,
laborious,
strenuous

●abstract adj. 抽象的
●concept n. 概念，观念
●mete out 给予，处置

●interference n. 干涉
●accord n. 一致
==agree with
in accord with       和……一致
out of accord with 和……不一致
of one\'s own accord 自然而然的
Justice is down of it’s own accord.
according to: 依据，根据
in accordance with 依据(法律，规章，制度),比较正式

●premises n. 房屋
residence 住处，居留地（正式用法）
dwelling   供人居住的地方
house      住房
housing   房（总称）
The housing problem

●convert v. 转变，改变

bluecabin

[ Lesson 32  49:04 ]
●disused adj. 不再用的，废弃的
misused 弄错了的
used      用过了的
second hand 二手的

●fireplace n. 壁炉
●muffle v. 捂住，厌抑
●chip v. 砍，削，凿
chop 砍

●blacken v. 不变黑
●emerge v. （从某处）出现

【Text】
§ Lesson 35  Justice was done  伸张正义
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
The word ‘justice’ is given two different meanings in the text. What is the distinction between them?

The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man\'s innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
    There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract conception. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like it serves him right, we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.
When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say \'it serves him right\'. The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was. They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man\'s cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the firemen were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, at once admitted that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

参考译文
“正义”这个词常常是同法庭连在一起的。当某人被证据确凿地证明无罪的时候，我们也许会说正义得到了伸张。正义是复杂的法律机器组成部分。那些寻求正义的人走的是一条崎岖的道路，从来没有把握他们最终将到正义。法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。
在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。奖惩的实施是不受人意志支配的。在这种时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分承认了某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起了作用。
一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪有应得。”那是一座老式的、经过改造的房子，店里有许多废置不用的大壁炉和又高又窄的烟囱。快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷声闷气的叫声。由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告经理，经理当即给消防队挂了电话。喊叫声肯定是从烟囱里传出来的，然而，因为烟囱太多，消防队员无法确定到底是哪一个。他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。他们凿透了18英寸厚的墙壁，发现有个人卡在烟囱里。由于烟囱太窄，那人无法动弹。消防队员在墙上挖了个大洞，才终于把他解救出来。那个看来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍，但让烟囱卡住了。他已经在烟囱里被困了将近10个小时。甚至在那人还没被送交给警察之前，正义就已得到了伸张。

【课文讲解】

be associated with == be connected with, be related to  与......相联系
we might say that: 我们也许会说

L35-02  end  10’07”

L35-03  begin    10’39”

beyond prep. 超出某种范围，限度（与名词搭配）
beyond believe 难以相信
beyond words 难以形容
beyond description 难以描述
beyond question 难以置疑
beyond hope 没有希望
beyond recovery 康复无望
beyond dispute 无可争议
beyond contention 无可争辨
beyond imagination 难以想像
beyond meature 难以度量
beyond understanding 无法理解
beyond comparing
beyond one’s +名词   超出了某人的......
beyond his power.
You are beyond his recognition.
Your beauty is beyond my description.
The text is beyond the student comprehension.

part of 部分(+单数名词)
pars of 几部分，若干部分(+单数名词)

背熟：Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.

however== no matter how

judges:

There are rare instances when+从句 :   在极个别的情况下
There are rare instances when women are not equal to men.

cease （正式）彻底的停止，暗示动作的突然性
His heart suddenly cease to beat.
sease to do

stop广泛，不正式)不强调方式，只强调结果

L35-03  end  10’39”

L35-04  begin  10’32”

quite independent of human interference ----形容词短语做定语，说明主句的状况
He deserves it / It serves him right  罪有应得

At such times: 在有的时候
we are, in part, admitting that
enabled sb. to do
of its own accord

When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say \'it serves him right\'.
found it impossible to resist the temptation to say ...（双否）
I found it impossible to resist the temptation to buy the beauty dress.

come from behind 从后面
promptly = immediately

located the right chimney
by tapping at the walls and listening for the man’s cries
Eg: We are listening for the clock to announce the New Year.

get stuck 被卡住了

L35-04  end  10’32”

L35-05  end  9’34”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  In what circumstances may justice take effect outside the courts of law?
a. When a judge has proved neither eminent nor wise.
b. When it has not been possible to prove a man’s guilt beyond any doubt.
c. When justice has been done without the interference of a human agent.
d. When, for example, a man is caught and handed over to the police.
take effect 起作用
请背熟题干

2  Why did the manager ring up the fire brigade?
a. He thought that one of the chimneys was on fire.
b. He expected them to be of most help in the circumstances.
c. He had not realized there was a criminal on the premises.
d. He thought whoever was stuck might be a member of the fire brigade.

3  The fire fighters ascertained which chimney the man was in by _____ .
a. deciding which of the many cries came from the right chimney
b. listening for the man’s response th their taps on the walls.
c. chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick
d. cutting a hige hole in the wall
ascertained

Structure
4  ____ wise or eminent, judges arehiman and can make mistakes. (ll.5-6)
a. Whether    b. Either    c. How much    d. No matter how

5  In our use of a phrase like ‘it serves him right’ _____ , in part, admitting … (ll.8-10)
a. is    b. it is    c. we are    b. and in

6  The staff must have found it impossible _____ to say ‘it serves him right’. (ll.11-12)
a. they were not tempted    b. for them not to be tempted
c. to be tempted             d. not to be tempted
be tempted to do

7  _____ several times, she ran to tell the manager. (l.14)
a. Repeating the cry         b. While the cry was repeated   
c. The cry being repeated    d. Having repeated the cry

8  ---- admitted that _____ to break into the shop during the night, he had got stuck in the chimney. (ll.20-21)
a. although he had tried    b. while he has tried    c. in trying    d. it was he who had tried
In speaking to him, I found him nervous.

Vocabulary
9  She _____ the cry several times, so she ran … (ll.14-15)
a. heard    b. listened to    c. listened for    d. earmarked

10  They located the chimney _____ by tapping …(ll.16-17)
a. on the right    b. well    c. right away    d. correctly

11  The blackened figure that emerged was _____ sight. (l.20)
a. an ugly    b. a sorry    c. an apologetic    d. a poor
12  The sorry-looking blackened figure that _____ , admitted at once … (l.20)
a. came to light    b. came up    c. went out    d. got out
emerge (侧重强调公布于众) ： come to light
本文表示出来
come up 意外发生

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C   2. B   3. B   4. D   5. C   6. D   7. C   8. C   9. A   10. D   11. B   12. D

L35-05  8’29”         [ Lesson 35  42:05 ]

（L35-05_36-01  1’03”）      [ Lesson 36  36:11 ]
§ Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●credulous         adj. 轻信的
●improbable         adj. 不大可能的
●obscure         adj. 不起眼的
●maidservant         n. 女仆，女佣
●presume         v. 假定
●wickedly         adv. 心眼坏地，居心叵测地
●plot         v. 密谋
●downfall         n. 倒台，垮台
●naamp;iuml;ve         adj. 天真的
●unacceptable         adj. 不能接受的
●conspire         v. （事件）巧合促成
●incredible         adj. 难以置信的
●resemblance         n. 相似
●scorn         n. 嘲弄，挖苦
●acquaint         v. 使了解
●reunite         v. 使团聚
●assume         v. 假定，认为

L35-05_36-01  end  9’34”

L36-02  begin  9’32”

■credulous adj. 轻信的 (修饰人)
credible: 可信的，可靠的 （修饰事物）
Eg: The story he told us is credible.
incredulous
incredible
believable
Eg; He demanded for believable explanation
unbelievable

■improbable adj. 不大可能的
■obscure adj. 不起眼的
Eg: The bus stopped at an obscure little town
令人费解的
An obscure figure can be seen through the fog.
vague 多用于比喻意，指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清

■maidservant n. 女仆，女佣
■presume v. 假定
vt.
presume that
presume: 假定 (根据过去的经验和感觉作出决断)
assume : 武断的，把尚未证实的作为依据，与事实不相符合
Eg: Let us assume that your words are fact
suppose : 最普通的用词，猜想、陈述自己的看法
Eg: I suppose that it was my fault.

■wickedly adv. 心眼坏地，居心叵测地
■plot v. 密谋
The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.
conspire: 众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当，犹指反叛，不用于修饰单个人
scheme: 某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利
The man is scheme for power.

■downfall n. 倒台，垮台
■naamp;iuml;ve adj. 天真的
■unacceptable adj. 不能接受的
■conspire v. （事件）巧合促成
vi.
The weather and car trouble conspire to spoil our vacation.

■incredible adj. 难以置信的
■resemblance n. 相似
likeness: 最普通的用语，比resemblance意味要强
bear a strong resemblance to sb. or sth.
The girl bears a strong resemblance to her sister.
such a resemblance
resemble 特别是指外观或外在性质的相似
similarity:性质、特色、程度的相似
The two envents which happened at the same time have got similarity
similar to sth. or sb.
They have got close likeness.

L36-02  end  9’32”

L36-03  begin  9’14”

■scorn n. 嘲弄，挖苦
pour scorn on
pour contempt on
pour ridicule on 对……嘲弄，挖苦，斥之以鼻
pour heap
Eg: He poured scorn on his wife’s suggestion.

look down upon / think scorn of  藐视
contempt: 蔑视，强烈谴责某人或某事低贱、卑鄙，语气强于scorn
despite:  语气较弱，表示嘲弄
Eg: His suggestion was dismissed with scorn.
His face showed the scorn he felt.

■acquaint v. 使了解
be acquainted with sth. 对……有所了解
acquaint sb. with sth. / acquaint sb. of sth. 告之某人某事
make a person acquainted with sb. 介绍某人同另一个人认识
Let me make ... acquainted with you (正式用法)
acquaintance n. 熟人
■reunite v. 使团聚
■assume v. 假定，认为


【Text】
§ Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What was the chance in a million?

We are less credulous than we used to be. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences ---- most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero\'s mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero\'s downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.
When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs Bussman commented on the workman\'s close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother. Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs Bussman was fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman, Needless to say, the man\'s name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz\'s long-lost brother. When the brothers were reunited, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive. After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit. The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. Meanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.

参考译文
我们不再像以往那样轻易相信别人了。在19世纪，小说家常在小说结尾处给读者准备一系列的巧合――大部分是牵强附会，极不可能的。当时的读者却愉快地接受这样一些事实，一个低贱的女佣实际上是主人公的母亲；主人公一位长期失散的兄弟，大家都以为死了，实际上一直活着，并且正在策划暗算主人公；如此等等，现代读者会觉得这种天真的结局完全无法接受。不过，在现实生活中，有时确实会出现一些巧合，这些巧合除了19世纪小说家外谁也不会相信。
当我是个孩子的时候，我祖父给我讲了一位德国出租汽车司机弗朗兹。巴斯曼如何找到了据信已在20年前死去的兄弟的事。一次，他与妻子徒步旅行。途中，停下来与一个工人交谈，接着他们继续往前走去。巴斯曼夫人说那工人与她丈夫相貌很像，甚至猜测他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。弗朗兹对此不屑一顾，指出他兄弟已经在战争中阵亡了。尽管巴斯曼夫人熟知这个情况，但她仍然认为自己的想法仍有百万分之一的可能性。几天后，她派了一个男孩去问那人是否叫汉斯.巴斯曼。不出巴斯曼夫人所料，那人的名字真是汉斯.巴斯曼，他确实是弗朗兹失散多年的兄弟。兄弟俩团聚之时，汉斯说明了他活下来的经过，战争即将结束时，他负伤被送进医院，并与部队失去联系。医院遭到轰炸，汉斯步行回到了西德。与此同时，他所在部队被击溃，他的所有档案材料全部毁于战火。汉斯重返故里，但他的家已被炸毁，左邻右舍谁也不知原住户的下落，汉斯以为全家人都在空袭中遇难，于是便在距此50英里外的一座村子里定居下来，直至当日。

【课文讲解】

It is a chance in a million to meet you here.
He let out a scream that must can be heard in Peru.

背熟：We are less credulous than we used to be.
We are not so honest as we used to be.
谓语动词是be动词的时候用used to be,而不用used to
谓语动词是实义动词的时候用used to
He works less hard than he used to.

bring sth to a conclusion 结束 == bring sth to a close(更正式)
Eg: They decided to bring the meeting to a conclusion.
    It was ... who brought meeting to a close.
present sb with sth. 向某人提供了……== present sth to sb.
背熟：who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero\'s downfall.

L36-03  end  9’14”

L36-04  begin  9’40”

bring about 产生，影响
Modern science has brought about great changes in life.
背熟：find such naive solutions totally unacceptable
find sth. interesting 觉得某事有趣
find sth. beautiful 觉得某物漂亮

背熟：Mrs Bussman commented on the workman\'s close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother.
comment on sth 就……作出评论，评价-- remark on

Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.
Eg: I can’t explain how it is that he is still here.

make one’s way

become of ==happen to 发生遭遇，不幸的事件，多用于疑问句，主语必须是what / whatever
Eg: Whatever became of that girl?
    Please explain what became of you yesterday.

用assuming, 而不用presuming;主观上的臆断、无事实根据的。

L36-04  end  9’40”

L36-05  begin  9’15”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  What would a modern reader find totally unacceptable in a novel today?
a. having for a hero a man once presumed dead.
b. The happiness a hero might feel on being reunited with his mother.
c. Any character beign so wicked as to plot against the hero.
d. Two brothers, each presuming the other long since dead, meeting again by chance.

2  When Mrs. bussman suggested that the workman might be Franz’s brother _____ .
a. she was told for the first time that Hans had been killed
b. Franz objected to the idea of being associated with a workman
c. Franz was so sure his brother was dead he did not take her seriously
d. they were both too shy to ask the workman if this was so themselves

3  What did Hans Bussman do immediately after the war was over?
a. He went to hospital to have his woulds attended to.
b. He deserted his unit and walked back to his home town.
c. He inquired after his family’s where abouts but found no trace of them.
d. He settled in a village near his home, hoping his family would find him.

Structure
4  ---- his readers with a series of coincidences _____ wildly improbable. (ll.2-4)
a. mostly being    b. most of which were    c. most of them were    d. which would be most

5  A long-lost brother had not in fact died and _____ to bring about the hero’s downfall. (ll.5-7)
a. wickedly plotting    b. wickedly plotted    c. been wickedly plotting    d. had been wickedly plotting

6  He stopped _____ . (ll.11-12)
a. in order to talk to a workman    b. a workman for a talk
c. talking to a workman            d. so that he talked to a workman

7  She sent a boy to ask the workman _____ . (l.16)
a. what was he called    b. what he was called    c. how he was called    d. if he was called

8  Meanwhile his unit was lost and _____ had been destroyed. (ll.20-21)
a. each of his records    b. all records of him    c. all records of his    d. every record of his

Vocabulary
9  he found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years _____ . (ll.10-11)
a. ago    b. back    c. before hand    d. previously
previously ==before

10  Mrs. bussman told her husband that he and the workman _____ … (ll.12-13)
a. had a close look    b. had the same look    c. looked very alike    d. looked the same way
look表示人的外貌，长相应该采用复数形式

11  ---- there was the _____ chance she might be right. (l.15)
a. remotest    b. scarcest    c. greatest    d. lightest
remote 既表示“遥远、偏僻的”，也表示“微弱的”，特别用来修饰chance, possibility

12  ---- how it had _____ that he was still alive. (l.18)
a. become     b. arrived    c. resulted    d. come about
come about#058; happen
become of ==come about

多用于疑问句，尤其是How does it come about that?结构中

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. D   2. C   3. C   4. B   5. D   6. A   7. B   8. B   9. D   10. C   11. A   12. D

L36-05  6’47”        [ Lesson 36  36:11 ]

(L36-05_37-01  begin  2’25”)      [ Lesson 37  36:59 ]
§ Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●express         n. 快车；adj. 高速的
●punctual         adj. 准时的;
●condition         v. 使习惯于
●unshakable         adj. 不可动摇的
●faith         n. 信任
●cancel         v. 取消
●exceptionally         adv. 例外地
●dislocate         v. 打乱（计划等）
●blame         v. 责怪
●consult         v. 请教，查阅
●direct         adv. 径直地
●odd         adj. 奇怪的，异常的
●reflect         v. 细想
●advantage         n. 优势
●mighty         adj. 强大的，有力的
●dawdle         v. 慢吞吞的动或做
●chug         v. 咔嚓咔嚓地响
●lodge         v. 提出
●comlaint         n. 抱怨
●triumph         n. 胜利
●asterisk         n. 星号（*）
●conduct         v. 引向，引导

■express n. 快车；adj. 高速的
express way: 高速公路
express train快车
special express 特快
through express 直快
stopping/ local train 慢车

■punctual adj. 准时的;
be punctual in doing sth. 在做……方面非常准时
be punctual to the minute 非常准时

L36-05_37-01  end  9’15”

L37-02  begin  8’35”

Eg: He is a man who’s punctual to the minute.
punctually adv.
unpunctual ant.
punctuality n.

■condition v. 使习惯于
==form a habit in
Eg: This society has conditioned each of us.
be conditioned to 习惯了……
Eg: Each of us has been conditioned to the society.
The plants has been conditioned to the cold weather here.
The cold weather has conditioned the plants here.

condition 条件
on condition that   在……条件下如果
on no condition 在任何情况下，用在句首句子要倒装
On no condition must you be late.
in good/ bad condition 情况良好/情况糟糕
change one\'s condition 结婚
in the interesting condition : 怀孕  pregnant

■unshakable adj. 不可动摇的
■faith n. 信任
keep faith with sb. 对……守信用
put one\'s faith in sth 对……有信心
on the faith of  在……的保障下，凭……的信用
faith          深信不疑，信仰，比belief 程度重一点
belief: 可信赖，可接受
conviction  坚定的信念
trust         相信，依赖
credit       对……完全相信


■cancel v. 取消
call off == cancel 可以互相替换
abolish      废除
rescind      撤销，废止
write off      注销，勾销
cross out    划掉

■exceptionally adv. 例外地
■dislocate v. 打乱（计划等）
■blame v. 责怪
■consult v. 请教，查阅
■direct adv. 径直地
■odd adj. 奇怪的，异常的
■reflect v. 细想
reflect on sth 细想……
reflect upon oneself 自我反省

■advantage n. 优势
take advantage of sb/sth  欺骗……并利用
of great/no advantage to sb/sth 对……有（没有）好处
to advantage 更有效地
have advantage over sb 胜过某人，比某人有优势

L37-02  end  8’35”

L37-03  begin  9’42”

interest 个人的利益，好处
benefit  通过正当手段谋求的好处
profit    金钱上的获益
good    个人或集体的利益

■mighty adj. 强大的，有力的
■dawdle v. 慢吞吞的动或做
■chug v. 咔嚓咔嚓地响
■lodge v. 提出
make/ lodge complaint 提出抱怨

■comlaint n. 抱怨
■triumph n. 胜利
■asterisk n. 星号（*）
■conduct v. 引向，引导

【Text】
§ Lesson 37   The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What was the mistake the author made?

We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by storms; air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.
After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this did not strike me as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven. When he denied the train\'s existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: \'This service has been suspended.\'

参考译文
我们已经习惯于相信火车总是准点的。经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。轮船船期可能因风暴而推延，飞机航班可能因恶劣天气而取消，唯有火车必然是准点的。只有非同寻常的大雪才可能暂时打乱铁路运行。因此，一旦铁路上真出了问题，人们便不加思索地责备铁路当局。事实上，差错很可能是我们自己，而不是铁路当局的。
我查看了列车时刻表，满意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海温的快车。这是趟直达车，旅途总共才需1小时17分钟。上车后，我不禁注意到许多当地人也上了车。一开始，我并不感到奇怪，我想除我之外，想利用快车之便的也一定大有人在。火车开出几英里即在一个小站威德里停了下来。对此，我不觉得奇怪，因为即便是特别快车也可能被信号拦住。但是，当火车一站接着一站往前蠕动时，我便产生了怀疑。我突然感到这趟快车并没以时速90英里的速度呼啸前进，而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬行，时速仅30英里。1小时17分过去了，走了还不到一半路程。我问一位乘客，这是不是开往威斯特海温的那趟快车，他说从未听说过有这么一趟快车。我决定到目的地就给铁路部门提意见。两小时后，我气呼呼地同威斯特海温站站长说起此事。他说根本没有这趟车。于是我借他本人的列车时刻表，我带着一种胜利者的调子告诉他那趟车白纸黑字。明明白白印在时刻表上。他迅速地扫视了一眼，让我再看一遍。一个小小的星形符号把我的目光引到了那页底部一个说明上。上面写着：“此趟列车暂停运行。”

【课文讲解】
背诵：We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.
We\' ve learnt to expect that ……   我们已经习惯于期盼……

背诵：After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.
develop an unshakable faith in sth  对……产生了……样的信念

背诵：Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services.

It is all too easy to blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出现了all, only, but, not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义
Eg:He was but too eager to get home.
   One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老

be likely to do 有可能 ...
Eg: You are likely to get success if you work hard.
It is likely that...
It is likely that he arrived here in time.
probable 不能与不定式搭配 比possible 可能性大
Eg: It is probable / possible that...
Eg: It is probable / possible that he will speak to you.
It is possible for us to finish the work in an hour.

L37-03  end  9’42”

L37-04  begin  9’01”

go direct from ... to ...

strike sb as 给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。
Eg: The activity atroke me as wasting time.

背熟：I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.

hold up==hold back, hinder, prevent

dawn on sb  渐渐被某人明白
barely==only

in black and white 白纸黑字

Key structure

We\' ve learnt to expect that ……   我们已经习惯于期盼……
We\' ve learnt to expect that ……   我们已经习惯于期盼……
It is all too easy to blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出现了all, only, but, not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义
be likely to do 有可能 ...
It is likely that...
The first paragraph is important
go direct from ... to ...
strike sb as 给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。
hold up==hold back, hinder, prevent
dawn on sb  渐渐被某人明白
in black and white 白纸黑字

L37-04  end  9’01”

L37-05  begin  11’40”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  When the writer consulted his railway timetable _____ .
a. he wanted to find out how long the express train to Westhaven took
b. he wanted to know the quickest way of getting to Westhaven by rail
c. he did not notice how many stations there were on the way to Westhaven
d. he misread the information concerning the time the journey took
by rail ==by train

2  At what point did the writer realize that the train was not travelling at the speed of an express train?
a. When the train had reached the station after Widley.
b. When the train had been held up by signals.
c. After the train had stopped at several small stations.
d. After the train had covered a distance of thirty miles.
at the speed of  以……的速度
express train 特快列车

3  When the writer went to the station master, he complained about _____ .
a. the train scheduled as an express train having in fact been a slow one
b. the lack of colour in the timetable
c. the lack of any express trains from his local station to Westhaven
d. the fact that the Westhaven express had been suspended from service
complain about/of 抱怨

Structure
4  We have learnt to expect _____ punctual. (l.1)
a. trains being    b. trains to be    c. of trains being    d. trains are going to be

5  _____ exceptionally heavily might railway services be temporarily dislocated. (ll.5-6)
a. If only it smowed    b. Only in case it snows    c. Only were it to snow    d. Only when snow
only所引导的状语从句用在句首，句子必须倒装， if条件句，如果if省略,were要前置

6  The express train went direct from my local station to Westhaven _____ a mere hour and seventeen minutes. (l.10)
a. in    b. lasting    c. a journey which lasted    d. a journey of

7  One hour and seventeen minutes passed _____ still to cover half the distance. (ll.16-17)
a. before we had    b. before having    c. when we had    d. and we had
用a选项，则题干中的still应去掉。

8  When he denied the train’s existence, I asked if I _____ borrow his copy. (ll.19-20)
a. can    b. may    c. might    d. was able to

Vocabulary
9  Even a mighty express train can be _____ by signals. (l.14)
a. halted    b. retarded    c. slowed up    d. delayed
held up == delayed
halt 停止
retard 防止
slow up 减慢

10  I determined to lodge a complaint _____ on arrival. (l.18)
a. firstly    b. punctually    c. straight    d. immediately

11  _____ , I told him that it was there in black and white. (ll.20-21)
a. Noting my triumph  b. Sounding triumphant    c. On a triumphant note    d. In my triumphant voice

12  Glancing at it briefly, he told me I should _____ . (l.21)
a. take another look    b. review it    c. oerlook it    d. have second sight
review 复习
overlook 忽视，宽恕，检查，监督

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B   2. C   3. A   4. B   5. C   6. A   7. D   8. C   9. D   10. D   11. B   12. A

L37-05  7’20”        [ Lesson 37  36:59 ]

（L37-05_38-01  begin  4’19” ）      [ Lesson 38  44:52 ]
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●calendar         n. 历法，日历
●historian         n. 历史学家
●unique         adj. 无与伦比的
●steadily         adv. 不断地
●solely         adv. 唯一地
●video         n. 录像
●CD-ROM         n. （只读）光盘驱动器
●bewilder         v. 令人眼花缭乱
●deduce         v. 推断，推理
●scanty         adj. 不足的，贫乏的
●clue         n. 线索
●insignificant         adj. 不重要的
●shed         v. 使流出，泻
●advent         n. 出现，到来，来临
●agriculture         n. 农业
●assumption         n. 假定，设想
●dot         n. 小圆点
●symbol         n. 符号
●engrave         v. 雕刻
●ivory         n. 象牙制品
●mammoth         n. （古）长毛象
●phase         n. 月相，天相
●tusk         n. 獠牙，长牙、象牙
●primitive         adj. 原始的
●nomad         n. 游牧民
●depict         v. 描画，描绘
●correlate         v. 使相互联系

■calendar n. 历法，日历
calender 轮压机

■historian n. 历史学家
historic      具有历史意义的
This is a historic speech.
historical   与历史研究有关系的
historical research 历史研究

■unique adj. 无与伦比的
unique: uneaqualed
Speech is a unique human ability
unique 不能接受比较级，可以接受quite, almost, nearly, surely, really等修饰，但不能接受rather,very等词的修饰。
unique 独一无二的，因唯一而独特

bluecabin

L33-01  begin  10’19”   
speical     注重性质的特殊
especial    强调超过其他的全部
Eg: This is a matter of especial importance.
This is a especially important matter.
particular 特定的，着重同类中某一个所有独特的性质
Pineapples have particular flavour. 菠萝有特别的味道。
exceptional
extraordinary 特别的，与众不同的
Eg: The warm weather is exceptional for Jamuary.

L37-05_38-01  end  11’40”

L38-02  begin  10’46”

■steadily adv. 不断地
■solely adv. 唯一地
■video n. 录像
■CD-ROM n. （只读）光盘驱动器
■bewilder v. 令人眼花缭乱
bewilder: confuse
Eg: she was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.
puzzle   某问题因复杂而令人费解
Eg: I am puzzled by the problem.

perplex  难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）
Eg:  He is perplexed for the answer.
bewilderment: n.
in bewilderment 茫然不知所措

■deduce v. 推断，推理
deduce: determine or decide sth. by given facts.
Eg: I deduce the conclusion from the given facts.
deduce …from 从…中推论，推断
infer 推断（不表示过程）
Eg: What can you infer from the text?
deduce  ==gt; (ant.) indece 归纳

■scanty adj. 不足的，贫乏的
scanty: too few, not enough
scanty knowledge 一知半解
a scanty crop 欠收
be scanty of sth 奇缺
be short of      短缺
Eg: The village school is scanty of textbooks. 这乡村学校奇缺教材。
be want of = in need of 需要……

■clue n. 线索
■insignificant adj. 不重要的
■shed v. 使流出，泻
shed: pour out
shed tears 泪流满面
shed light 发光
shed light on sb. 启发，启迪
shed one’s blood for country 为祖国而流血。
shed one\'s clothes 脱去衣服

■advent n. 出现，到来，来临
advent: coming or arrival
at the advent of winter 在冬天到来的时候
at the advent of 在…到来的时候
since the advent of 自从…的到来

■agriculture n. 农业
■assumption n. 假定，设想
■dot n. 小圆点
■symbol n. 符号
■engrave v. 雕刻
■ivory n. 象牙制品
■mammoth n. （古）长毛象
■phase n. 月相，天相
■tusk n. 獠牙，长牙、象牙
■primitive adj. 原始的
■nomad n. 游牧民
■depict v. 描画，描绘
■correlate v. 使相互联系

【Text】
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What is the importance of the dots, lines, and symbols engraved on stone, bones and ivoury?

Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, videos. CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.

参考译文
未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。
历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。
长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。

【课文讲解】

in the unique position  处于无以伦比，独一无二的情况
come to: start, begin
背熟：They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.
select from 从……中进行选择(同类中)
choose挑选（凭个人意愿）
一、有三种情况choose和 select不能互换：
1．当在两者中选一个时只能用choose, 即choose between
Eg: We have to choose between leaving early and paying for taxi.
2．choose可带 wh从句
Eg: I\'ll let you choose where we should go to eat.
3．choose to do 只能用choose.
Eg: What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment.（L33 ）
    He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. (L27)
二、select比choose更正式， 即在许多同类的人或物当中根据客观标准对这两个加以比较，鉴别，认真地挑选出最好的、最喜欢的、最有用的。

great mass of == too much ＝＝ agreat amount of
evidence 不可数名词；不能手a great many, a large number of
Eg: She selected a blue dress from the wardrobe.
You have been selected to present us on the committee.

L38-02  end  10’46”

L38-03  begin  11’22”

what is more   更有甚者，furthremore,moreover 是的意思
what is worse  更糟糕的是

rely on ==count on ==depend on 依靠，指望
Eg: You can’t rely on others.
He can’t be relied on.

solely adv. 唯一地
means: only, just, nearly

bewilder 令人眼花缭乱
bewildering 令人眼花缭乱的
bewildered 感到眼花缭乱的

背熟：They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.
in action 行动中的，活动中的
as it were  可以说，似乎，好像
Eg: He is as it were a walking dictionary. 他可以说是一部活字典
    Computers can never as it were lead independent lives.   电脑不能过独立的生活
as it is=in fact=in really=actually=as a matter of fact 事实上
Eg: I thought things would get better,but as it is , they are getting worse.
In many ways children lives as it were in a different world from the adults. 在许多方面，孩子们可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。

But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.
be faced with: be in the position in which one must deal with a problem or unpleasant situation.
面临（因境，问题）
Eg: Automobile industry is faced with a bad future now. 汽车工业正面临着令人担忧的未来。
A great many people are faced with losing their jobs. 许多人面临着失业。
In my opinion, you are faced with a problem as it were how to get enough time to study English.
The student attempting to learn English well in a year is faced with a difficult task. 企图在一年之内把英语学好的学生面临着巨大的难题。

available adj. 可利用的
Eg: I have dictionary availabe for you.
Is there a place available for us to have a chat.
I know you are in need of help, but excuse me, I don’t have any students available for you.

remains ==ruins 遗迹，遗物
insignificant==unimportant
shed light on=throw light on = cast light on 意思是：make a matter clear or understood 解释，说明，提示


L38-03  end  11’22”

L38-04  begin  11’59”

Eg: This information shed light on the problem. 这份情报会搞清楚这一问题。
Can you shed any light on the case of the fire? 你能够解释这次火灾吗？
She will shed light on the case of stolen jewels. 好将能够揭示这次珠宝失窃案。
★★★Paragraph 1★★★
in the unique position
select from
the great mass of evidence
the bewildering amount of information
what is more
as it were
in action
be faced with
available
shed interestion light on

up to now = so far 到目前为止
come into being == come into existence 产生，出现
come to power 上台
come into use 开始使用

be faced with a real need to do sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要。
Eg: We are faced with a real need to learn English well.

indicate 揭示

which 引导定语从句，修饰the last Ice Age

correlate  相互联系

it is connected with == it is associated with

in fact 可以替换为as it is; actually, in reality

as near as 接近

★★★Paragraph 3 remembered ★★★
historian has long been puzzled by
live by hunting and fishing
read this difficult code
it has long been known that
make a real effort to understand the seasons

L38-04  end  11’59”

L38-05  begin  9’11”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  In assuming that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, historians made the mistake of _____ .
a. relying solely on the written word
b. disregarding the markings that early man had been responsible for
c. supposing that nomadic man had no reason to understand the seasons
d. not connecting the passage of days with the phasesof the moon

2  The scientific evidence that has recently come to light is that _____ .
a. nomads engraved the bones and tusks of the animals they killed
b. noads lived by hunting and fishing
c. nomads travelled widely in various parts of the world
d. the markings made by variousnomadic groups all have a definite pattern

3  The paintings which have been found on the walls of nomadic dwelling places _____ .
a. have taught historians something about the nomadic way of life
b. have no other content than their artistic merit
c. are not thought to be connected with an ancient calendar system
d. are invariably accompanied by odd dots, lines and symbols

Structure
4  It _____ as if they could see nad hear us in action. (ll.6-7)
a. was    b. were    c. should be    d. will be

5  Even _____ seem insignificant remains can shed interesting … (ll.8-9)
a. they    b. which    c. what    d. those to

6  Historians are now able to read this difficult code _____ markings made in … (ll.15-16)
a. with correlating    b. having correlated    c. which correlates   d. for they correlate

7  _____ be a definite relation between these paintings and the …(ll.19-21)
a. It could    b. There can    c. There may    d. It might

Vocabulary
8  Historians have long tried to _____ dots, lines and … (l.13)
a. puzzle    b. puzzle out    c. riddle    d. detect

9  By correlating markings made in _____ parts of the world … (ll.15-16)
a. different    b. several    c. many    d. other

10  ---- historians have been able to read _____ . (l.16)
a. these puzzling signs    b. this hard law    c. thesedifficult signals    d. this uneasy letter

11  Until recently historians assumed that calendars _____ with the advent of agriculture. (l.10)
a. came to existence    b. came toexisting    c. cme to exist    d. were existential
come to +动词原形： come to record ; come to exist ; come into existence

12  The people who lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age _____ .(ll.14-15)
a. wandered from place to place  b. lived in villages  c. first learnt to write    d. learnt how to farm the land

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B   2. D   3. A   4. D   5. C   6. B   7. C   8. B   9. A   10. A   11. C   12. A

L38-05  6’31”      [ Lesson 38  44:52 ]

(L38-05_39-01  2’37”)       [ Lesson 39  35:42 ]
§ Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●rough         adj. 崎岖不平的
●boulder         n. 大石块
●pit         v. 使得坑坑洼洼
●perturb         v. 使不安
●underestimate         v. 低估
●swerve         v. 争转变
●scoop         v. 挖出
●hammer         v. （用锤）击打，锤打
●ominously         adv. 有预兆的，不祥的
●rip         v. 划破，撕，扯
●petrol         n. 汽油
●stretch         n. 一大片（平地或水）
●obstacle         n. 障碍
●clump         n. 丛，簇
●fissure         n. （石、地的）深缝
●renew         v. 重复
●pleading         n. 恳求
●gear         n. （汽车）排档
●astride         prep. 骑，跨
●crack         n. 缝隙
●zigzag         n. “之”字形
●shallow         adj. 浅的
●grind (ground, ground )  v. 磨擦
●halt         n. 停
●dashboard         n. （汽车上的）仪表盘

■rough adj. 崎岖不平的
Eg: We’d better not take the rough road.
be rough on sb. 对某人苛刻，无礼
Don’t be rough on your friends.
cut up rough  发脾气

L38-05_39-01  end  9’11”

L39-02  begin  9’23”

■boulder n. 大石块
■pit v. 使得坑坑洼洼
■perturb v. 使不安
verp upset
be perturbed about sth 为…而心神不安

His threats didn’t perturb her in the least
disturb 并非用心去扰乱
Eg:It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
plague 因病痛和类似的折磨而使人苦恼
Eg:The terrible disease plagued him
trouble
Eg:Sorry to give you trouble. / Sorry to trouble you.
worry
Eg:He is worried about his son’s safety.
fret
Eg:He freted himself all the time for news of her.
upset
Eg:I feel upset now because I am afraid I hurt you.
dismay 使沮丧
辨别：perturb ; disturb ; plague ; trouble ; worry ; fret ; upset ; dismay

■underestimate v. 低估
■swerve v. 争转变
■scoop v. 挖出
Eg:She sccped out some sugar.
make a scoop 走运
Eg:That guy made a scoop.

■hammer v. （用锤）击打，锤打
■ominously adv. 有预兆的，不祥的
ominous adj.
Egook at those ominous black clouds.
omen n.
Eg:This is a good / bad omen.
Eg:The clouds omen rain.

■rip v. 划破，撕，扯
tear
rip one\'s mask away 撕下某人的假面具
let things tip==let things be 听其自然
rip into    猛攻，抨击
rip off     偷窃
rip up the back  背后说坏话

■petrol n. 汽油
■stretch n. 一大片（平地或水）
at a stretch 连续的，一口气的，不停顿的
a stretch of land
a stretch of water
Eg: He worked for hours at a stretch.
We drove fast on a stretch of open field.
He is unable to work for long stretches.
a stretch of hill 连绵不断的群山
vt.
He stretched out his hand to get the apple.
There are forests stretching for hundreds of miles.
Transport was rather stretched in the Spring Festival.


■obstacle n. 障碍
Lack of education is an obstacle to success.
constitue an obstacle to 构成…的障碍
remove/ overcome an obstacle 克服困难
put obstacle in sb\'s way 妨碍某人的发展
obstacle to 介词to

L39-02  end  9’23”

L39-03  begin  9’04”

要英语中有好多动词要与介词to搭配：
key; answer; shred; advantage; disadvantage; admission; damage to
辨别：obstacle; obstruction; hindrance
Eg: Lake of education is obstacle to success.
There must be an obstruction in the pipe.
You are more of hindrance than help.

■clump n. 丛，簇
■fissure n. （石、地的）深缝
■renew v. 重复
■pleading n. 恳求
■gear n. （汽车）排档
■astride prep. 骑，跨
■crack n. 缝隙
■zigzag n. “之”字形
■shallow adj. 浅的
■grind (ground, ground )v. 磨擦
grind wheat into flour
grind sth to pieces 把……弄成碎片
grind one\'s teeth in anger 气得咬牙切齿

■halt n. 停
==stop
They halt for a few minutes.
stop; halt; cease
Eg: The heart will cease to beat when life ceases.
pause vi.
He paused for a breath.
halt
They halted for a few minutes.
halt; cease; pause; stop
halt n.
come to a halt / stop 停下来

■dashboard n. （汽车上的）仪表盘

【Text】
§ Lesson 39   Nothing to worry about 不必担心
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What was the difference between Bruce’s behaviour and that of other people?

The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from. Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed. Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away. It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all. No matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.
As we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine. Because of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.
What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes. But there was worse to come. Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure. In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped. Though we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in the car. We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feet wide and four feet deep. Even this had no effect. Bruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zig-zag course. Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again. Bruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away. Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt. A yellow light on the dash- board flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!

参考译文
穿越平原的道路高低不平，开车走了不远，路面愈加崎岖。我们想劝说布鲁斯把车开回我们出发的那个村庄去。尽管路面布满石头，坑坑洼洼，但布鲁斯却一点儿不慌乱。他瞥了一眼地图，告诉我们前面再走不到20英里就是一个村庄。这并不是说布鲁斯总是低估困难，而是他压根儿没有一点儿危险感。他认为不管路面情况如何，车必须以最高速度前进。
我们在尘士飞扬的道路上颠簸，车子东拐西弯，以躲开那些大圆石。车轮搅起的石块锤击车身，发出不祥的锤击声。我们想念迟早会飞起一个石块把油箱砸开一个窟窿，或者把发动机砸坏。因此，我们不时地掉过头，怀疑车后是否留下了机油和汽油的痕迹。
突然大石块不见了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障碍只有一簇簇灌木丛。这使我们长长地松了口气。但是更糟糕的事情在等着我们，离我们不远处，出现一个大裂缝。我们再次央求布鲁斯小心，他这才把车停了下来。我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。我们告诉他那个大裂缝长50码，宽2英尺，深4英尺。这也没有对他产生任何影响。布鲁斯挂上慢档，把两只前轮分别搁在裂缝的两边，顺着弯弯曲曲的裂缝，以发疯的速度向前开去。我们还未来得及担心后果，车已重新开上了平地。布鲁斯又看了一眼地图，告诉我们那座村庄离我们只有15英里了。下一个障碍是一片约半英里宽的浅水塘。布鲁斯向水塘冲去，但车开到水塘当中，嘎吱一声停住了。仪表盘一盏黄灯闪着刺眼的光芒，布鲁斯兴致勃勃地宣布发动机里没油了！

【课文讲解】

Nothing to worry about
get sb. to do sth.: persuade / advise sb. to do
Please get them to finish the work as quickly as possible.
Please get him to give up smoking.
be littered with
be pitted with
even though: even if

not in the least= not at all / not a bit/ not the least bit  一点也不
not a little = very much

by no means= in no way =on no account =at no times= under no circumstances 绝不

a mere==only （必须和不定冠词搭配）

It was not (to say )…… 这并不是说

dusty track==dusty road

L39-03  end  9’04”

L39-04  begin  9’25”

look back 回头看
wondering 从句做伴随状况状语
How relieved we were

give way to 为……所代替
Eg: The great clouds gradually broke up and give way to blue sky.
He has no intention of iving way to your demands.

in response to : in reaction to

本课优秀结构：Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again.

hardly ... when...
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
Before he had hardly had time to worry about what might happen when we were back on the plane again.

L39-04  end  9’25”

L39-05  begin

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  Why were the passengers so relieved when the boulders disappeared?
a. Bruce could now drive even faster.
b. They had covered the greater part of the distance to the village.
c. It seemed less likely that they would meet with disaster.
d. They had seen the huge fissure that lay ahead of them.

2  When they reached the fissure, Bruce stopped the car because _____ .
a. the passengers had begged him to do so
b. he wanted to know the exact dimensions of the fissure
c. he thought it was safer to drie across it without the passengers
d. he was not sure whether the car was wide enough to bridge it
In response to renewed pleadings , Bruce stopped.

3  Bruce’s reaction to the final episode shows that _____ .
a. he was not the sort of person to be perturbed by anything
b. he was extremely brave in face of danger
c. he had underestimated the depth of the pool
d. when it came to crossing water, his driving was nto good enough
(背熟)

Structure
4  He believed _____ a car as fast as it could possibly go. (ll.7-8)
a. driving in    b. he would drive    c. to drive    d. in driving
believe sb. / sth. that / in

5  _____ when the boulders suddenly disappeared. (l.13)
a. How relieved we felt    b. What a relief we were feeling  
c. So relieved we felt      d. How we felt relieved
what感叹句的主体词是名词；how 感叹句的主体词是形容词。

6 Bruce _____ when the car came to a grinding halt. (l.21)
a. hadcharged through it midway    b. charged through it to the middle
c. charged midway through it        d. was in the middle of charging through it

7  Bruce cherfully announced that the engine _____ out of oil. (l.22)
a. ran    b. had run    c. was running    d. has run
run out of

Vocabulary
8  Glancing at his map, heinformed us that the next village was _____ twenty miles away. (ll.4-5)
a. simply    b. boringly    c. only    d. in significantly

9  ---- where nothing could _____ but clumps of trees. (ll.13-14)
a. hinder our rogress    b. spoil our course    c. hold up our train    d. harm our way
hinder== obstacle

10  When we pleaded _____ , bruce stopped. (l.15)
a. afresh    b. aloud    c. repeatedly    d. forcibly

11  He said: ‘It’s fifteen miles _____ the village. ’ (ll.19-20)
a. until    b. to    c. from    d. before

12  ---- obstacle was a shallow pool of water half a mile _____ . (ll.20-21)
a. side by side    b. from top to bottom    c. from side to side    d. up and down

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C   2. A   3. A   4. D   5. A   6. D   7. B   8. C   9. A   10 .C   11. B   12. C

L39-05  5’18”       [ Lesson 39  35:42 ]

(L39-05_40-01  13’21” )      [ Lesson 40  21:36 ]

§ Lesson 40 Who’s who 真假难辨
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●hoax         n. 骗局，戏弄
●deception         n. 欺骗，骗局
●self-respecting         adj. 自重的
●indulge         v. 使沉迷
●pneumatic         adj. 气动的
●drill         n. 钻
●silly         adj. 无意义的，无聊的
●advance         adj. 预先的，事先获得的
●archway         n.  拱形门楼
●remonstrate         v. 规劝，告诫
●ironically         adv. 讽刺地
●permission         n. 许可
●grant         v. 同意，准予

■hoax n. 骗局，戏弄
play a hoax on sb. 戏弄某人
play a trick on sb. 戏弄某人
play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑
Eg: The boy student is thinking how to play a hoax on his classmate.

■deception n. 欺骗，骗局
deception 无关紧要的骗局，并不是故意的欺骗
Eg: She referred to the pills as sweet, so the harmless deception made it easy for her child to take them.
deceit （故意的）欺骗
Eg: We are incapable of deceit.
fraud 对公众的欺骗行为，多指官方的欺骗或财政舞弊
trickery 欺骗（语气上严厉）,着重有步骤地诡计来谋取私利。
Eg: He had gained control of the company by trickery.

■self-respecting adj. 自重的
■indulge v. 使沉迷
indulge oneself in sth. 沉迷于…………== be indulged in
Eg: He indulged himself in smoking and drinking.
      =He was indulged in smoking and drinking.
v. 纵容
Eg: She indulges her only son.

■pneumatic adj. 气动的
■drill n. 钻
■silly adj. 无意义的，无聊的
foolish  强调愚蠢的，笨的，不明智的
Eg: I remonstrated him not to do anything foolish.
silly      无意义的， 无聊的，无知的
Eg: Being called silly is not compliment.
    Don’t play such a silly hoax.
stupid   人及言行缺乏良好的判断力，天生的迟钝
Eg: His son is as stupid as all.
dull 迟钝的
Eg: the old man’s hearing has become dull.
She is a dull girl.
■advance adj. 预先的，事先获得的
advance information / in advance

■archway n.  拱形门楼
■remonstrate v. 规劝，告诫
remonstrate sb to do sth 规劝某人做某事

■ironically adv. 讽刺地
■permission n. 许可
■grant v. 同意，准予
ask sb. for permission请求许可
give / grant sb. permission 准予许可

【Text】
§ Lesson 40 Who’s who 真假难辨
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
How did the policeman discover that the whole thing was a joke?

It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

参考译文
谁也弄不清为什么大学生好像比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧――戏弄人。请消防队来扑灭一场根本没有的大火是一种低级骗局，有自尊心的大学生决不会去做。大学生们常常做的是制造一种可笑的局面，使大家笑上一场，当然受害者是笑不出来的。
最近有个学生看见两个工人在学校门外用风钻干活，马上打电话报告警察，说有两个学生装扮成工人，正在用风钻破坏路面。挂上电话后，他又马上来到工人那儿，告诉他们若有个警察来让他们走开，不要把他当回事，还对工人说，有个学生常装扮成警察无聊地同别人开玩笑。警察与工人都对那个学生事先通报情况表示感谢。
那个学生躲在附近一拱形的门廊里，在那儿可以看见、听到现场发生的一切。果然，警察来了，不礼貌地请工人离开此地；但其中一个工人粗鲁地回了几句。于是警察威胁要强行使他们离开。工人说，悉听尊便。警察去打电话叫人。一会儿工夫，又来了4个警察，规劝工人离开。由于工人拒绝停下手中的活，警察想夺风钻。两个工人奋力抗争，其中一个发了火，威胁说要去叫警察。警察听后讥讽地说，这大可不必，因为他俩已被逮捕了。其中一个工人装模作样地问道，在被带往警察局之前，是否可以打一个电话。警察同意了，陪他来到一个投币地电话前，当他看到那个工人真的是给警察挂电话，才恍然大悟，原来他们都成一场骗局的受害者。

【课文讲解】
Key structure
背熟1：It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.
Eg: It has never been explained why he seems to enjoy doing it.

specialize in. 专门研究
Eg: He specialized in biology after graduation.

背熟2：Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in.

except the victims / but the victims

tear up == destroy

take sb seriously 严肃对待
be to do 结构含义：
1. should
Eg: Such a private thing should be avoided.
Such a private thing is to be avoided
2. must
Eg: No students must leave school without the permission of the police.
No students are to leave school without the permission of the police.
3. intend 意图，打算
Eg: We intend to start work next week.
We are to start work next week.

L40-01  end  18’45”

L40-02  begin  10’19”

背熟4：Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
be grateful to sb. for sth.
that went on == that happened

背熟5：he threatened to remove them by force.

背熟6: The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help.
as he pleased 随他的意愿做
four more == another four

as this 听到
At the words,he got angry.
With the words, he left the room angrily.

背熟7：At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.
pointed out ironically  讽刺地指出
hardly be necessary 大可不必
under 与名词搭配表示一种被动的概念
under discussion / arrest / repair

背熟8：Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.
make a telephone call 打一个电话

背熟9：Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.

only 引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，以及条件状语从句在句首时，句子要倒装。

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1  A good hoax is a joke which depends on _____ .
a. deceiving people into behaving in a way which amuses everyone but themselves
b. doing something like calling the fire bridge to a nonexistent fire
c. at least two parties being led to believe the other is fraudulent
d. people disguising themselves to look like other people
deceive sb. into doing sth.

2  When the policeman first arrived outside the university _____ .
a. the student hid in an archway to see what happened next
b. he told the workmen if they disobeyedhim he would call four policemen
c. the workmen refused to take his request that they should move seriously
d. he was polite to the workmen as he had expected them to be students
They didn’t take the police seriously

3  When did it become clear to the police that the workmen were not students?
a. when one of the workmen angrily said he was going to call the police.
b. Not until one of the workmen asked if he could telephone the police.
c. When the policeman saw whom the workman was ringing from the pay phone.
d. Only after they had arrested the workmen and taken them to the station.


下面几题未讲
Structure
4  ---- Why students seem _____ practical jokes than anyone else. (ll.1-2)
a. entertained by more      b. to have been entertained more by
c. more to be entertainedby    d. to be more entertained by

5  ---- and told them that _____ order them to go away they were not to take them seriously. (ll.10-11)
a. should the police    b. the police might    c. if the policeman did     d. was a policeman to

6  ---- were grateful to the student for _____ in advance. (l.12)
a. they had been informed this      b. having informed them this
c. being informed of this             d. informing them of this

7  The workmen told him to do _____ … (ll.15-16)
a. as it pleased him    b. how he pleased    c. as he pleased    d. that pleased him

8  Only then _____ that it had been a trick. (ll.22-23)
a. he realized    b. he understood    c. did he realize    d. he did realize

Vocabulary
9  ---- a student had dressedup as a policeman and was amusing himself _____ .(ll.1-12)
a. by joking with peole    b. at other people’s exense    c. by making fun of people    d. to other people’s surprise

10  when he received a very _____ from one of the workmen … (ll.14-15)
a. impolite retort    b. harsh response    c. rough report    d. sharp return

11  Four more policemen arrived to protest _____ the workmen’s behaviour. (ll.16-17)
a. with    b. for    c. to    d. against

12  The police attempted to _____ the pneumatic drill. (ll.17-18)
a. get hold of    b. keep hold of    c. hold back    d. hold on to

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A   2. C   3. C   4. D   5. A   6. D   7. C   8. C   9. B   10. A   11. D   12. A

L40-02  8’14”      [ Lesson 40  21:36 ]
   

see

唉，为什么不能做成文档作为附件上传呢？？？你这么贴不累吗？还是说为了增加发帖量，一举两得？

东西是好东西，就是看得人好累啊！！ (-011-)

三羊

整天对着电脑,也累了,学习效率不高.
NCE第四册里面的文章很不错,背不下来,随手拿起来读几句也挺好的.

迦叶

(-027-) 一点看不懂~晕晕的~

北京娃娃

sb be convicned sb相信

俺就觉得这句比较有趣。。。。。。。 (-011-)